The post Medical-Grade vs. Injectable-Grade Sodium Hyaluronate: Which Has Stricter Requirements appeared first on Stanford Chemicals.
]]>Hyaluronic acid is typically classified into four grades based on its usage: food-grade, cosmetic-grade, medical-grade, and injectable-grade. Some brands are lumping medical-grade and injectable-grade into a single category. SCC particularly classifies medical-grade HA for non-injectable medical applications, such as surgical anti-adhesives barrier, wound dressings, and ophthalmic solutions.
Medical-grade sodium hyaluronate is widely used in non-injectable medical fields:
In addition, medicinal-grade HA is most commonly used in oral care products, gynecological products, and surgical anti-adhesion membranes.
Medical-grade sodium hyaluronate applications
Injectable-grade sodium hyaluronate, on the other hand, is specifically designed for direct injection into the human body:
Injectable-grade sodium hyaluronate applications
Read more: 4 Grades of Hyaluronic Acid Raw Material Comparison
Injectable-grade sodium hyaluronate is administered directly into the body and represents the highest level of quality control in the industry. These products must adhere to rigorous pharmacopoeial specifications, with each batch of production undergoing full physicochemical and biological testing.
By comparison, medical-grade sodium hyaluronate follows relatively lenient pharmaceutical excipient standards:
This differentiated standard makes medical-grade hyaluronic acid more cost-effective for large-scale pharmaceutical production.
Hyaluronic acid injection into the joint
Medical-grade and injectable-grade sodium hyaluronate represent two fundamentally distinct product standards and application philosophies. For healthcare professionals and product developers, the appropriate selection should be based on the following key considerations:
Any application requiring direct injection into the human body must use injectable-grade HA, including dermis, joint cavities, intraocular use, etc. For applications not involving direct contact with sterile tissues, medical-grade products may be considered.
While injectable-grade sodium hyaluronate carries higher costs, it provides essential safety assurance for high-risk applications. Of course, medical-grade products can offer more cost-effective solutions in appropriate application scenarios.
Product registration categories and regional regulatory requirements directly influence HA grade selection. Target market regulations must be thoroughly understood in advance.
HA with different molecular weights exhibits distinct rheological properties and bioactivity. The optimal product specifications should be selected based on intended functional requirements.
Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC) provides medical-grade and injectable-grade sodium hyaluronate products for comprehensive solutions tailored to diverse professional needs.
Please refer to the sodium hyaluronate product COA certificates from SCC:
Send us an inquiry now.
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]]>The post Why Is Sodium Hyaluronate So Important in Skincare appeared first on Stanford Chemicals.
]]>First, let’s find out what sodium hyaluronate is.
Sodium hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid (HA), a naturally occurring polysaccharide macromolecule found universally throughout our bodies, particularly in the skin, joints, and eyes. Focusing on the HA molecular structure, it resembles a long, knotted rope. The “knots” can relax in water to form a three-dimensional “molecular sponge network.” It’s this extremely unique structure that renders HA’s water-binding capacity simply phenomenal. Scientific research indicates that a mere 1 gram of hyaluronic acid can retain between 500 to 1000 grams of water! No surprise it’s at the top in the world of hydration!
Aside from skincare, this multi-purpose ingredient also plays a crucial part in medical aesthetics, nutraceuticals, and even luxury textiles. But today, let us talk about its top-billed job in skincare.
High-molecular-weight sodium hyaluronate forms a breathable film over the skin surface, holding moisture in without excluding external bacteria, dust, and UV light. On the other hand, low-molecular-weight sodium hyaluronate penetrates deeply into the dermal layer, promoting nutrient absorption, enhancing the elasticity of the skin, and reducing aging.
1. Hydration
Sodium hyaluronate is extremely hydrophilic and forms a water-retaining barrier on the skin that is extremely efficient in retaining water. Its action is also adjustable based on environmental conditions: it holds most water at low relative humidity (33%) and least at high humidity (75%). As a result of this property, it enables optimal performance under diverse climatic conditions.
2. Skin Repair
When skin is harmed by sunburn, UV damage, redness, darkening, or peeling, sodium hyaluronate is to the rescue with firm support. It promotes epidermal cell proliferation and differentiation, promotes cell regeneration, and scavenges free radicals. This accelerates the healing of injured tissues at a faster rate, promoting skin regeneration and wound healing.
3. Anti-Wrinkle
About 50% of the sodium hyaluronate in the body resides in the dermis. Mixed with collagen and elastin, it forms a powerful matrix that gives skin stability and elasticity. However, HA content lessens, collagen decreases, and the skin’s ability to retain moisture diminishes with age, leading to wrinkles.
Sodium hyaluronate solutions possess high viscoelasticity and lubricity, creating a hydrating, permeable film that keeps the skin hydrated and radiates. Penetration of low-molecular-weight HA into the dermis increases microcirculation and augments the uptake of nutrients, all of which work towards anti-aging and wrinkle reduction.
Reading more: Hyaluronic Acid and Collagen: The Perfect Combination for Healthy Skin
4. Nutrition
Sodium hyaluronate is a natural compound present in the skin. Externally applied, it restocks the body’s endogenous HA store. The lesser molecular weight of HA allows easy absorption in the blood and dermis, replenishing the level of hyaluronic acid, lowering dryness, and maintaining nutrient delivery and waste removal, hindering skin aging and promoting beauty effectively.
To understand the difference between endogenous HA and exogenous HA, please read this article: Does Hyaluronic Acid Cause Cancer
Long-term popularity of sodium hyaluronate is not hype but solid scientific efficacy.
Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC) is a professional hyaluronic acid supplier, providing high-quality products and services to global clients in pharmaceuticals, skincare, and food industries. SCC specializes in the development, production, and distribution of cosmetic-grade HA, food-grade HA, medical-grade HA, chondroitin sulfate, dihydromyricetin, and more.
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]]>The post 4 Common Types of Citrates: How Do They Differ in Function appeared first on Stanford Chemicals.
]]>You know that tangy, refreshing taste of lemons and oranges? That’s partly thanks to citric acid—a natural compound found in citrus fruits. When this zesty acid teams up with minerals like calcium, magnesium, or sodium, they form what scientists call “citrates.”
These versatile compounds are like the Swiss Army knives of the chemical world. Because they dissolve easily, stay stable, and play nice with our bodies, you’ll find them working behind the scenes in everything from sodas to medications.
Citrates generally exhibit the following properties:
Citrates play a crucial role in food, pharmacy, chemical technology, and biological metabolism.
Different citrates have different applications and activities depending upon which metal ions they chelate.
Sodium citrate is the most important citrate, which is produced primarily by fermentation of starchy material to yield citric acid and then neutralizing it with alkaline substances. Since its raw material is grain, it is totally safe and innocuous to human health.
Sodium citrate finds application in a wide range:
Magnesium citrate is a compound of magnesium carbonate and citric acid. Doctors often prescribe it as a supplement for magnesium deficiency. Magnesium citrate has better absorption and bioavailability compared to magnesium oxide or sulfate. Medically, it draws water into the intestines to cause motility and thus is a good laxative to relieve constipation.
Functions:
Calcium citrate is an organic food supplement compound. It is better absorbed than inorganic calcium and is used as an ingredient in numerous foods like infant formula, juices, dairy, powdered drinks, sports beverages, milk, soy milk, supplements, and cereal. Its absorption is stomach acid-independent, so it is suitable for people with low stomach acid, particularly when taken on an empty stomach.
Ferric Citrate(Iron citrate)is an iron ion-citric acid compound FeC₆H₅O₇. It is a water-soluble iron salt widely used in medicine, food fortification, and industry.
Applications:
Comparison with Other Iron Supplements:
Type of Iron Supplement | Advantages | Disadvantages |
Iron citrate | Better absorption, less GI irritation | Lower iron content |
Ferrous sulfate | High iron content, low cost | May cause constipation/nausea |
Ferrous fumarate | High absorption, fewer side effects | Low solubility |
Polysaccharide-iron complex | Minimal GI irritation | Expensive |
Stanford Chemical Company (SCC) is a trusted supplier specializing in hyaluronic acid, herbal extracts, and food additives. We provide high-quality citrates tailored to your needs. For more product details, please visit: Citrates
Q1: What’s the difference between citrate and citric acid?
A: Citric acid is a free acid with a sour taste, while citrates are its metal ion-neutralized forms, typically less bitter in flavor and more practical.
Q2: Does magnesium citrate really relieve constipation?
A: Yes. High-dose magnesium citrate increases intestinal water content, allowing for bowel movements. It’s typically taken for temporary constipation relief or colon cleansing.
Q3: Which is better for calcium supplementation—calcium citrate or calcium carbonate?
A: Low stomach acid patients should take calcium citrate. Calcium carbonate is of greater calcium value but has to be taken with food for optimal absorption.
Q4: Why does sodium citrate prevent blood clotting?
A: It sequesters calcium ions, which are essential for clotting, in the blood and does not allow coagulation. That’s why it’s used with blood storage for transfusions.
Q5: Are there natural sources of citrate?
A: There are trace amounts of natural citrates found in citrus fruits, but industrially used citrates are chemically synthesized.
Read more:
Case Study: SCC Supplies Ferric Ammonium Citrate with 20.5-22.5% Iron Content
[1] Ettinger B, Pak CY, Citron JT, Thomas C, Adams-Huet B, Vangessel A. Potassium-magnesium citrate is an effective prophylaxis against recurrent calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. J Urol. 1997 Dec;158(6):2069-73. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(01)68155-2. PMID: 9366314.
[2] Choi I, Son H, Baek JH. Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle Intermediates: Regulators of Immune Responses. Life (Basel). 2021 Jan 19;11(1):69. doi: 10.3390/life11010069. PMID: 33477822; PMCID: PMC7832849.
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]]>The post Which Food Additives Are Safe appeared first on Stanford Chemicals.
]]>Different countries have varying definitions of food additives. The U.S. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) defines food additives as:
Any substance directly or indirectly added to food that may become part of the food or affect its characteristics (including substances used in production, processing, packaging, transport, or storage), unless the substance is exempt (e.g., GRAS substances or prior-sanctioned substances).
Food additives have the following three characteristics:
Different countries classify food additives differently. Below is a classification based on function.
Antioxidants are additives used to delay or prevent food oxidation. They are classified as direct food additives. Their mechanisms vary:
Antioxidant | Applicable Foods | Characteristics |
Vitamin E | Cooking oil, infant formula, nuts | Natural, safe, but costly |
BHA/BHT | Chips, instant noodles, sausages, gum | Synthetic, heat-resistant, but restricted in some countries |
TBHQ | Fried foods, baked goods | Highly effective, but harmful in excess |
Tea polyphenols | Meat products, beverages, candy | Natural, also antibacterial |
Vitamin C | Juice, canned food, pickled meat | Preserves color and acts as an antioxidant |
Preservatives inhibit microbial growth and extend shelf life. They are divided into chemical and natural preservatives.
2.1 Chemical Preservatives are synthetic, strong antimicrobial effects, low cost, but some have usage limits.
Preservative | Applicable Foods | Characteristics |
Benzoic acid/sodium benzoate | Carbonated drinks, juice, soy sauce | Effective in acidic environments (pH <4.5) |
Sorbic acid/potassium sorbate | Cheese, baked goods, meat | Safer, works in wider pH range (≤6.5) |
Sodium nitrite | Cured meat, ham, sausages | Prevents botulism but may form carcinogenic nitrosamines |
Sulfur dioxide/sulfites | Dried fruit, wine, dehydrated vegetables | Also acts as a bleach |
Parabens | Soy sauce, vinegar, jam | Effective against mold and yeast |
2.2 Natural Preservatives are extracted from plants, animals, or microbes. They are safer but costlier.
Preservative | Source | Applicable Foods | Characteristics |
Tea polyphenols | Tea leaves | Meat, beverages | Antioxidant + antibacterial |
Allicin | Garlic | Seasonings, sauces | Broad-spectrum antimicrobial, strong odor |
Rosemary extract | Rosemary | Oils, snacks | Natural alternative to BHA/BHT |
Nisin | Lactic acid bacteria | Cheese, canned food | Targets only Gram-positive bacteria |
Natamycin | Streptomyces | Yogurt, bread | Antifungal |
Chitosan | Crustacean shells | Fruit preservation | Edible film |
Lysozyme | Egg whites | Dairy, sake | Breaks bacterial cell walls |
Color additives enhance or restore food color. They are classified as natural or synthetic.
3.1 Natural Colors are safer but less stable, prone to fading.
Color | Source | Applicable Foods | Characteristics |
β-carotene | Carrots, algae | Beverages, butter, candy | Orange, precursor to vitamin A |
Carmine | Cochineal insects | Meat, jam | Red, restricted in some countries |
Beet red | Red beets | Ice cream, yogurt | Purple-red, pH-sensitive |
Chlorophyllin | Spinach, alfalfa | Gum, pastries | Green, light-sensitive |
Curcumin | Turmeric | Curry powder, mustard | Yellow, oxidizes easily |
Anthocyanins | Purple cabbage, grape skin | Juice, jelly | Red/blue, pH-dependent |
3.2 Synthetic Colors are vibrant, stable, low-cost, but some may be harmful.
Color | FD&C Code | Applicable Foods | Regulatory Status |
Tartrazine (E102) | Yellow 5 | Candy, soda | EU requires warning labels |
Sunset yellow (E110) | Yellow 6 | Snacks, sauces | Limited in the EU |
Brilliant blue (E133) | Blue 1 | Ice cream, canned food | Allowed in U.S. and China |
Allura red (E129) | Red 40 | Baked goods, drinks | Most used red dye in U.S. |
The U.S. primarily uses synthetic colors labeled with FD&C codes (e.g., Red 40, Yellow 5). While controversial, the FDA deems them safe in regulated amounts. Consumers can check labels and opt for natural alternatives.
Thickeners improve texture and viscosity, for example, pectin or gelatin in yogurt to prevent whey separation. Natural thickeners are now the industry standard.
Thickener | Source | Characteristics | Common Uses |
Xanthan gum | Bacterial fermentation | Acid/heat-resistant | Salad dressing, gluten-free baking |
Carrageenan | Red algae | Forms gels with calcium | Ice cream, plant-based milk |
Guar gum | Guar beans | Dissolves in cold water | Beverages, sauces |
Pectin | Citrus/apple peels | Requires sugar and acid | Jam, yogurt |
Gum arabic | Acacia tree resin | Highly soluble | Candy, soda |
Locust bean gum | Carob seeds | Works with carrageenan | Cheese, plant-based dairy |
Flavor enhancers amplify or improve taste. MSG is the most widely used in the U.S.
Enhancer | Characteristics | Common Uses |
MSG | Strong umami boost | Stir-fries, soups, snacks |
I+G | Synergizes with MSG | Instant noodles, chips |
Disodium guanylate | Naturally in mushrooms | Premium seasonings |
Citric acid | Sharp acidity | Drinks, candy, canned food |
Lactic acid | Mild acidity, dairy notes | Yogurt, fermented foods |
The following table summarizes the safety information of the common food additives mentioned in the article.
Type | Additive | Safety Notes |
Antioxidants | Vitamin E | Generally recognized as safe (GRAS). Excess may affect blood clotting (daily limit ~1000mg). |
BHA/BHT | Approved by FDA but restricted by EFSA. | |
TBHQ | Permitted in the U.S. (≤0.02% in oils). High doses may cause nausea or blurred vision. | |
Tea polyphenols | Natural and safe. Excess may interfere with iron absorption. | |
Vitamin C | Safe. Excess may cause diarrhea (daily limit 2000mg). | |
Preservatives | Benzoic acid/Sodium benzoate | Safe in acidic environments (pH<4.5). Excess may trigger allergies. |
Sorbic acid/Potassium sorbate | Safer, works in a wider pH range (≤6.5). Excess may irritate the stomach. | |
Sodium nitrite | Prevents botulism but may form carcinogenic nitrosamines (limit: ≤150ppm in cured meats). | |
Sulfur dioxide/Sulfites | May trigger asthma (allergen labeling required). Restricted in the EU for dried fruits. | |
Parabens | Banned in some countries (e.g., Japan). Potential endocrine disruptor. | |
Tea polyphenols | Same as antioxidants—natural and safe. | |
Allicin | Safe but has a strong odor. Excess may irritate the stomach. | |
Rosemary extract | Natural alternative to BHA/BHT. No known risks. | |
Nisin | Safe. Targets only Gram-positive bacteria. Non-toxic to humans. | |
Natamycin | Safe. EU restricts its use to cheese surfaces. | |
Chitosan | Natural and safe. Widely used in edible films. | |
Lysozyme | Safe. Derived from egg whites. May conflict with religious dietary rules. | |
Colorants | β-Carotene | Safe. Precursor to vitamin A. Excess may cause yellowing of the skin. |
Carmine | Insect-derived. EU requires allergen labeling. | |
Beet red | Safe but pH-sensitive (stable in acidic conditions). | |
Chlorophyllin | Safe but degrades in light. | |
Curcumin | Safe. Excess may cause stomach discomfort. | |
Anthocyanins | Safe. Color changes with pH (e.g., blueberry juice turns red). | |
Tartrazine (E102) | Allowed in the U.S. EU requires warning labels for hyperactivity in children. | |
Sunset yellow (E110) | Similar to tartrazine. Restricted in some countries. | |
Brilliant blue (E133) | Permitted in the U.S. and China (with usage limits). | |
Allura red (E129) | Most used red dye in the U.S. Banned in some Nordic countries. | |
Thickeners | Xanthan gum | Safe. Excess may cause bloating. |
Carrageenan | Controversial: Degraded form may cause inflammation. Safe at regulated levels. | |
Guar gum | Safe and cost-effective. Excess may cause diarrhea. | |
Pectin | Safe. Requires sugar and acid to form gels. | |
Gum arabic | Safe. Highly soluble. Common in candies. | |
Locust bean gum | Safe. Often used with carrageenan. | |
Flavor Enhancers | MSG (Monosodium glutamate) | FDA-approved. Some sensitive individuals report temporary headaches. |
I+G (Disodium inosinate + guanylate) | Safe. Synergizes with MSG to enhance umami. | |
Disodium guanylate | Safe. Naturally found in mushrooms. Used in premium seasonings. | |
Citric acid | Safe. Excess may erode tooth enamel. | |
Lactic acid | Safe. Excess may cause acidosis (rare). |
If you have any requirements for the above-mentioned food additives, please feel free to contact us via email at [email protected] or submit an Inquiry. Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC) will make every effort to provide products that meet your needs.
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]]>The post How Hyaluronic Acid is Absorbed and Degraded in the Human Body appeared first on Stanford Chemicals.
]]>Hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan, HA) is a naturally occurring polymer that is constantly being synthesized and degraded in the human body. It is found predominantly in the extracellular matrix, vitreous humor, and cartilage. A typical 70 kg adult contains about 15 grams of HA, with about 5 grams metabolized and replaced daily. Surprisingly, nearly half of the whole body’s HA can be found within the skin, where its relatively brief half-life is 24 to 48 hours.
Owing to its excellent ability to retain moisture, lubricate, and support tissue repair, hyaluronan has been extensively used in dermatology, joint care, and drug delivery systems. Yet, how exactly is HA broken down and absorbed after ingestion or injection?
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a linear polymer that is composed of repeating disaccharide units, and its absorption is also correlated with molecular weight. Research has indicated that low-molecular-weight HA (<50 kDa) would be absorbed by intestinal epithelial cell endocytosis or colonic microbiota degradation. High-molecular-weight HA is degraded by intestinal hyaluronidase to create smaller peptides, which are absorbed into the bloodstream.
Oral hyaluronic acid (HA) is primarily broken down in the intestine by enzymes and gut microflora into short molecular fragments, which are absorbed into the bloodstream. These fragments are able to activate skin and joint cells to increase endogenous HA synthesis, resulting in hydration and joint health benefits.
Fig 1. The process of food-grade HA being absorbed by the human body [1]
Subcutaneous or intra-articular injection is the most common clinical and medical aesthetic application of HA. As injected HA is deposited inside tissue or fluid in the body, destruction and removal are primarily dependent on local enzymic hydrolysis and lymphatic drainage.
Molecularly, hyaluronic acid consists of two monosaccharides: N-acetylglucosamine and sodium glucuronate (Figure 2). The disaccharide components are connected linearly by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds. Bond cleavage underlies the depolymerization of HA, depending on enzyme activity and free radical degradation.
Fig 2. Structure of Hyaluronic Acid
(1) Role of Hyaluronidase
Hyaluronidases (such as HYAL1 and HYAL2) are the primary enzymes responsible for the breakdown of HA. They hydrolyze glycosidic bonds preferentially, breaking down HA to smaller oligosaccharides. They are extensively distributed in tissues like skin, liver, and spleen, so that injected HA will be gradually metabolized and eventually eliminated in urine or further broken down.
Fig 3. Degradation Pathways of Hyaluronic Acid
(2) Free Radical Degradation
Besides enzymatic degradation, hyaluronic acid is also degraded by oxidative stress resulting from reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other free radicals. Oxidative stress increases in inflamed or aged tissues, where glycosidic bond cleavage through ROS occurs frequently.
(3) Factors Influencing HA Degradation Rate
The rate at which HA breaks down in the body depends on several key factors:
Hyaluronan turnover in the skin is a quiet balance between synthesis and degradation. HA is synthesized by mesenchymal cells via the activity of hyaluronic acid synthases (HAS-1, HAS-2, HAS-3) and is degraded simultaneously by hyaluronidases. With time, this equilibrium is disturbed—degradation is greater than synthesis, leading to a decrease of HA.
To offset this deficit, topical HA skin-care products and injectable dermal fillers are used to restore missing HA and rehydrate and structurally maintain aging skin.
Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC) is a supplier with over 10 years of expertise in hyaluronic acid. If you’d like to learn more about hyaluronic acid or are interested in purchasing sodium hyaluronate powder, please feel free to contact us.
Only the low molecular weight HA molecules (below 50 kDa) are absorbed when taken orally, whereas larger molecules are broken down first. Injected HA stays put until it is slowly broken down by enzymes.
Special enzymes called hyaluronidases break down HA naturally. The enzymes cut the HA molecules into pieces that the body can either reuse or eliminate. Active oxygen molecules are also capable of breaking down HA faster, especially in older or inflamed tissue.
Injected HA forms a depot under the skin that lasts a long time to weeks to months to be metabolized. Topical HA is only able to penetrate as far as the surface layers and is removed or degraded much faster since it doesn’t deeply penetrate.
HA is degraded faster in highly mobile tissues (like lips), in younger people who possess more active enzymes, and in inflamed tissue in where oxygen radicals and enzymes increase. Crosslinked HA, which is used in fillers, breaks down more slowly than native HA.
Yes. Avoiding excessive sun exposure, avoiding smoking, and using antioxidants (like vitamin C) can safeguard HA.
Our own bodies make less HA and degrade it more rapidly after about age 25. This causes drying skin and crunchier joints. HA added to treatments or skincare replenishes this natural loss.
No. The body either recycles the small pieces of HA or simply expels them harmlessly.
Yes. Exercise in moderation increases HA production in joints, but extremely intense exercise can increase inflammation and HA breakdown in the short term.
[1] Xueli Zheng, Botao Wang, Xin Tang, Bingyong Mao, Qiuxiang Zhang, Tianmeng Zhang, Jianxin Zhao, Shumao Cui, Wei Chen, Absorption, metabolism, and functions of hyaluronic acid and its therapeutic prospects in combination with microorganisms: A review, Carbohydrate Polymers, Volume 299, 2023, 120153, ISSN 0144-8617, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120153.
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]]>The post Case Study: SCC Supplies Ferric Ammonium Citrate with 20.5-22.5% Iron Content appeared first on Stanford Chemicals.
]]>Notably, this product has been certified by the FDA, ISO9001, ISO22000, KOSHER, and HALAL, which proves that it adheres to the highest global standards for pet foods. This is a testament to SCC’s zeal to strive for scientific innovation, but at the same time, not forget practicality.
Food additive commercial brown ferric ammonium citrate usually has an iron content of 16.5% to 22.5%. It is a mild iron fortifier and is superior in safety and palatability. A manufacturer of pet feeds approached us for raw material of higher iron concentration (20.5-22.5%). The higher iron concentration will allow more iron to be supplied at the same dosage rate, thus being more appropriate for premium product production.
To meet the desired iron content, we improved the process of crystallization to eliminate moisture and impurities. Each batch of production was tested for iron content certification, as well as final quality check before dispatch. The product was thoroughly checked to ensure compliance with FDA regulations, ISO 9001/22000 quality systems, and KOSHER/HALAL certification.
The optimized ferric ammonium citrate consistently hit the target iron content range and showed better stability. This third-party certified product is a source of a high-iron ingredient for pet food processors with rigorous standards of quality ensured by total documentation, such as Certificates of Analysis (CoA) and quality management certifications.
* If you’re seeking high-purity food additive ingredients, consult SCC for customized solutions.
Ferric ammonium citrate is a compound formed by the reaction of citric acid, iron ions, and ammonia, belonging to the category of organic iron. It is basically an iron supplement of chemical synthesis origin that has widespread usage in the food industry as well as the pharmaceutical industry.
Ferric ammonium citrate is typically classified into two grades based on iron content and application: brown ferric ammonium citrate and green ferric ammonium citrate. Their iron content requirements are as follows:
The primary benefit of ferric ammonium citrate is its iron-supplementing function. Iron is an essential trace element, and it plays a crucial role in hemoglobin production, oxygen transportation, and the metabolism of cells. When you frequently experience fatigue, dizziness, or pale complexion, this may be a sign of iron-deficiency anemia. When this happens, ferric ammonium citrate proves to be very effective. Given this functional advantage, ferric ammonium citrate has also been used as a fortification agent in cereals, infant formula, and various nutritional products to enhance their iron content.
Beyond iron supplementation, it offers other benefits:
In addition to ferric ammonium citrate, other common iron supplements include ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate, and amino acid-chelated iron. How does ferric ammonium citrate compare? Below is a comparison of these four iron salts in terms of bioavailability, gastrointestinal irritation, stability, and price:
Iron Salt | Bioavailability | GI Irritation | Stability | Price |
Ferric Ammonium Citrate | High (~90%) | Low | Excellent | Moderate |
Ferrous Sulfate | Moderate (60-70%) | High | Fair | Low |
Ferrous Gluconate | High (~80%) | Moderate | Fair | Moderate |
Amino Acid-Chelated Iron | High (80-90%) | Moderate | Good | High |
From the table, we can see the advantages of ferric ammonium citrate:
As a synthetic compound used in food applications, safety is crucial. Ferric ammonium citrate has received safety approval from major food regulatory authorities including the FDA and EFSA. This certification ensures its safe use both as a dietary supplement and nutritional additive. However, excessive iron intake causes side effects ranging from upset stomach, diarrhea, or even iron poisoning. It should therefore be consumed within the appropriate recommended dosages.
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]]>The post What Is DFARS: Goods, Services, & Materials appeared first on Stanford Chemicals.
]]>Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement is a regulatory system that gives guideline to the procurement of defense sector government. It is an extension of overall federal regulation on procurement. The supplement has strict product and services specifications. It encompasses a large umbrella of suppliers. These are companies that offer equipment, technology, and other services to the government. The guidelines encourage equal contracts and proper spending of the tax dollar.
This set of rules guarantees safety and reliability. It creates binding supplier requirements. Its simplicity can be used by small stores and even large companies. Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement is a shield that maintains the integrity and equity of government contracting.
The importance of the DFARS is that it is an excellent guide to the procurement of defense. It makes all the contracts open and equitable. The regulations protect public funds by imposing strict policies at the time of acquisition. The regulations are an insurance against errors and oversights.
It is utilized in national defense support. By requiring high standards, the supplement decreases risk within the supply chain. Increased procurement trust guarantees that only trustworthy products and services are used under defense contracts. This open exposure also makes the process predictable for vendors and the government. Organizations know what they need, and the government knows how to quantify risk.
Many people and businesses are affected by the DFARS. Government agencies must acquire defense products based on these regulations. Contractors must comply with the rules by part suppliers, technology suppliers, or service suppliers. The supplement covers nearly every step of the procurement process.
For instance, the same requirements have to be met by the firms handling military equipment, software, or cybersecurity. Even those handling non-classified but sensitive data come under its jurisdiction. It encompasses small firms and big corporations also. In short, anyone who’s trying to be a part of defense projects is required to comply with these standards.
The military hardware is one of the main areas the DFARS oversees. Communication hardware, armored tanks, and aircraft components are all subject to it. As factories make these products, they must be able to prove that every component meets secured standards. History shows that high evaluations reduce risk in missions.
Technology and cybersecurity are the pillars of national defense in today’s world. The DFARS sets worthwhile guidelines for electronic security measures and technical products. The technology vendors are mandated to provide evidence that their products are secure and robust. The regulations mandate elaborate plans to counter cyber threats.
Simple illustrations are computer systems used in secure communication and defense asset management. Organizations must elucidate how they protect networks from penetration. Ongoing audits and upgrading of systems are key compliance factors. There are many examples where compliance to these standards has reduced cybersecurity breaches. This is to maintain robust and secure digital platforms that are required for contemporary defense operations.
Controlled Unclassified Information is a sensitive form of information that does not have full classification status but still requires to be handled with care. Rules for handling such information are properly outlined by the Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement. In most cases, misuse of controlled unclassified information has posed issues. With proper regulations, companies learn how to secure and store information safely.
Practical measures are controlled access storage and strict information-sharing procedures. The majority of companies are now well aware of the need for these measures to avoid vulnerabilities. Rules allow easy management of sensitive information. Provided these rules are followed, information moves securely and smoothly, with operational integrity being preserved.
The DFARS is a significant regulation aimed at strengthening defense procurement. Its standards apply to goods, services, and materials. The regulations maintain fairness, protect public funds, and defend national interests. Contractors and vendors must align their practices to these apparent rules. The supplement is geared towards reducing risk in military gear, technology, and the transmission of sensitive information. For additional details, go to Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC).
Q1. Who is required to comply with the Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement regulations?
A1. Contractors, government organizations, and all defense contractors are required to comply with these regulations.
Q2. What does the DFARS regulate?
A2. It regulates acquisition of military commodities, services, and material with strict regulations.
Q3. How does the DFARS improve cybersecurity?
A3. It adopts strict stipulations which make technology systems safe and less susceptible to cyberattacks.
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]]>The post Is Food-Grade Hyaluronic Acid Really Useful for Health? appeared first on Stanford Chemicals.
]]>First, tell us about this favorite ingredient. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an acidic mucopolysaccharide, first found and isolated from the cow eye’s vitreous humour. The naturally occurring agent can be seen in the human body, mostly in eyes, knee joint synovial fluid, and skin. HA is crucial in maintaining hydration of the skin, lubricating joints, regulating blood vessel permeability, and healing wounds. As a result of these uses, it is extensively used in skincare, joint therapy, eye drops, and pharmaceuticals.
Research shows that as people age, their ability to produce HA declines. For example, if the level of hyaluronic acid in a 20-year-old is taken as 100%, at the age of 60, it reduces to merely 25%. Not just limited to skin aging and wrinkle formation, but the reduction of hyaluronic acid is also related to age-related changes and conditions in joints, blood vessels, heart, eyes, and brain.[i]
Fig 1. Hyaluronic acid is lost with age
The million-dollar question is whether food-grade hyaluronic acid can be absorbed and utilized by the body. Scientists have diligently endeavored to research this.
One of these studies was carried out by the Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center at Massachusetts General Hospital, which is associated with Harvard Medical School. In their study, they analyzed how food-grade hyaluronic acid affects gastrointestinal health. The findings revealed that hyaluronic acid is good for gut health in various ways.[ii]
Hyaluronic acid reduces intestinal inflammation and promotes overall gut health. In the study, mice pre-treated with HA were seen to be protected against colon damage and inflammation induced by Citrobacter rodentium. The mice were also seen to have reduced symptoms of weight loss, rectal bleeding, and diarrhea.
Mice that received HA exhibited a significant rise in the Simpson Diversity Index, indicating a more diverse and healthier gut microbial population.
Hyaluronic acid improves gut barrier function. The intestinal mucus layer, composed of mucin MUC2 from goblet cells and water and inorganic salts, is a vital protective barrier. Research showed that oral HA augmented goblet cell count and enhanced mucin secretion, thereby enhancing the protection of the gut against infection and injury.
In addition to gut health, oral hyaluronic acid has also been shown to hydrate skin and reverse aging. A 2017 clinical trial in the Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine followed 20 healthy women aged 45 to 60 who took HA daily for 40 days.[iii] Skin assessments conducted before, during, and after the trial revealed noticeable improvements in elasticity and hydration, along with reductions in roughness and wrinkle depth.
Hyaluronic acid also supports joint health. While HA injections are commonly used to treat osteoarthritis, oral HA has demonstrated positive effects as well. A 2020 study by Hokkaido University, published in the European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, explored how high-molecular-weight HA is broken down by gut microbes into smaller, absorbable fragments. These fragments then enter the lymphatic system and bloodstream, delivering HA to organs and tissues that need it.
Fig 2. The process of food-grade HA being absorbed by the human body[iv]
A number of reputable studies have confirmed that oral HA is not only absorbed by the body but also produces concrete health benefits. With foods containing HA gaining popularity, increasing numbers of consumers are stepping forward with visible positive differences in their skin and overall health. The evidence suggests that the dietary intake of food-grade hyaluronic acid can be a valuable addition to good health and combating the signs of aging.
* Free samples are available. For pricing inquiries, please contact us for a quote: Get A Quote.
[[i]] Feng Ning, Shi Yanli, Guo Fengxian, Guo Xueping. Study on the improvement of skin moisture and antioxidant effect of oral hyaluronic acid in vivo[J]. Food and Drug, 2016, 18(6): 386-390
[[ii]] Mao T, Su CW, Ji Q, Chen CY, Wang R, Vijaya Kumar D, Lan J, Jiao L, Shi HN. Hyaluronan-induced alterations of the gut microbiome protects mice against Citrobacter rodentium infection and intestinal inflammation. Gut Microbes. 2021 Jan-Dec;13(1):1972757. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1972757. PMID: 34592891; PMCID: PMC8489935.
[[iii]] Göllner I, Voss W, von Hehn U, Kammerer S. Ingestion of an Oral Hyaluronan Solution Improves Skin Hydration, Wrinkle Reduction, Elasticity, and Skin Roughness: Results of a Clinical Study. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2017 Oct;22(4):816-823. doi: 10.1177/2156587217743640. Epub 2017 Dec 4. PMID: 29228816; PMCID: PMC5871318.
[[iv]] Xueli Zheng, Botao Wang, Xin Tang, Bingyong Mao, Qiuxiang Zhang, Tianmeng Zhang, Jianxin Zhao, Shumao Cui, Wei Chen, Absorption, metabolism, and functions of hyaluronic acid and its therapeutic prospects in combination with microorganisms: A review, Carbohydrate Polymers, Volume 299, 2023, 120153, ISSN 0144-8617, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120153.
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]]>The post What Are the Benefits of Hyaluronic Acid for Hair in Shampoo appeared first on Stanford Chemicals.
]]>Hyaluronic acid is an essential substance between cells that occurs in high concentrations in the skin and joints. It has an amazing water-holding capacity—1 gram of hyaluronic acid contains approximately 1,000 times its own weight of water. Due to its typical molecular structure and physicochemical properties, it performs many vital physiological activities in the body. For example, hyaluronic acid used for cosmetic injection can be used for filling shallow depressions or defects on the face, which has a beautifying effect. This compound is also metabolized and absorbed by the body cells without depositing residual residues behind, which makes it highly demanded in the cosmetic industry.
To comprehend this question, let us first look at the structure of hair, as depicted in Figure 1. Human hair can be considered a slender biological fiber, with three principal layers from outside to inside. The first and outermost layer is the cuticle, which encloses and covers the fiber as tiles enclose a roof, protecting it against external damage. It determines the hair’s shine and texture. Healthily coated cuticles are piled neatly upon one another, actually locking in moisture and reflecting light. The mid-layer is the cortex, which accounts for 75%-90% of the weight of the hair. It consists of tightly packed keratin fibers and pigment granules, giving hair its elasticity, strength, and color. The inner layer is the medulla, made up of loose, open cells, more visible in thicker hair. Hair also contains minute traces of zinc and other metals, vitamins, and approximately 10% water.
Figure 1. The structure of hair
This unique hair structure provides an ideal environment for hyaluronic acid to work its magic. While the tile-like cuticle protects the hair shaft, the gaps in the cuticle allow small hyaluronic acid molecules into the cortex. On the other hand, larger molecules adhere to the surface of the cuticle, forming an open hydrating film.
Hyaluronic acid can form a thin film on the hair surface, providing moisturizing, lubricating, protective, and anti-static effects.
The main composition of hair is keratin, and it is sensitive to moisture. Dehydration causes hair to be dry and brittle due to raised cuticles. Hyaluronic acid absorbs moisture from the air and forms a moisturizing film on the hair surface that softens and shines hair.
Perming, heat styling, exposure to UV rays, and coloring can compromise the cuticle of the hair and cause hollowing of the strands. Small hyaluronic acid molecules penetrate deep into the hair shaft, filling in damaged areas and bolstering elasticity and resilience.
In dry conditions, hair gets easily entangled under static due to friction, hence combing becomes difficult. The moisturizing effect of hyaluronic acid prevents static buildup, rendering hair smooth for detangling and minimizing damage caused by yanking.
Different molecular weights yield different effects.
High-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid is more viscous in texture, contains more cross-linking bonds, and provides filling and styling benefits. To hair, it protects the strands by forming a flexible, hydrating film that enhances moisture and shine.
Low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid is watery and distributable. It penetrates deep into the hair shaft, providing intense moisturizing and conditioning to dry and damaged hair.
High vs Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid for Hair:
Moreover, applying hyaluronic acid to the hair roots can promote thicker hair growth by supplying the scalp with essential nutrients and moisture.
Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC) supplies high, medium, and low molecular weight hyaluronic acid for use as shampoo ingredients. Samples and favorable pricing are available. For inquiries, please contact our specialists: Get A Quote.
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]]>The post Hyaluronic Acid for Dogs, the Emerging Market of HA appeared first on Stanford Chemicals.
]]>Pets are like family, and their health is a top priority for us. Hyaluronic acid plays a role in pet health through various aspects, for example, skin, coat, eyes, and joint care. Therefore, it has become an extremely competitive product within the pet market.
HA is known for its moisturizing, lubricating, and wound-healing properties—benefits that also apply to pets. So, how hyaluronic acid helps your dog stay healthy?
HA can hold 1,000 times its weight in water and form a hydrating film on the skin to prevent moisture loss. Skin and fur of animals are highly sensitive to environmental factors, i.e., dry weather in winter, pollen, and dust mites, that lead to itching. Hyaluronic acid not only moistures but also lowers inflammation and calming of the skin, easing redness and scratching from skin disease.
Worried your pet will be less active as he ages or as he gains weight? Hyaluronic acid can help. HA is one of the principal components of joint synovial fluid and is used medicinally in joint injections. The fluid lubricates joints, keeps cartilage healthy, and allows for smooth movement.
HA stimulates cell regeneration and decreases inflammation around wounds. In a feline skin wound study, those treated with HA gel healed 30% more rapidly than with standard treatments, with less scarring.
These findings have been backed by research.
In 2019, a police dog research institute conducted a study where dogs were fed a basic diet supplemented with hyaluronic acid twice daily. At 24 weeks, the results were that supplementing with 0.03% HA significantly reduced arthritis symptoms, and the 0.09% dose meant even more exaggerated improvements in hip arthritis. HA improved hydration of the skin and health of the skin, and it nourished hair follicles to create a smoother and brighter coat, stated the study.
The HA market for pet animals is segmented geographically into eye health, skin health, and joint health. According to the International Veterinary Academy of Pain Management, over 35% of older dogs and 20% of adult cats have osteoarthritis. Given this, joint health holds the largest market share. At the same time, owing to its capacity to lubricate joint spaces and reduce inflammation, HA is extremely popular in this market.
Skin and coat health is another major application, with HA used in pet shampoos, conditioners, and skincare products to enhance hydration and elasticity. Eye health is also a growing segment, with sodium hyaluronate incorporated into eye drops and ointments to treat dry eye and other ocular conditions.
Oral HA can be taken up into the skin of a dog, synovial fluid, cartilage, and bone, according to research. Most pet food and supplement products are already formulated with HA, often combined with glucosamine and chondroitin in joint support products. Supply forms include chewable tablets, powders, and liquids—chewables for well pets with no swallowing issue, and powders/liquids for tiny pets or pets with an eating problem. In Europe, HA is added as a standard ingredient to racehorse, working dog, and show dog supplements, directed at joint maintenance and coat well-being.
HA-containing gels, sprays, and creams may be applied to the skin in areas where the skin is dry or inflamed. HA eye drops are also marketed under professional veterinary supervision in dry or irritable eyes of animals.
For worse cases of arthritis in dogs, oral supplements may not be enough. For these patients, HA injections deliver large doses directly into the joints, providing immediate relief from pain and swelling.
Stanford Chemical Company (SCC) is at the forefront of HA powder development. We offer injectable grade, food grade, cosmetic grade and medical grade sodium hyaluronate powder. For more information about these HAs, please check out our homepage.
1. Is hyaluronic acid safe for pets?
Yes, hyaluronic acid is used safely in pets provided it is administered appropriately. It’s a natural component within the body, utilized to keep joints lubricated and skin hydrated.
2. What animals are appropriate for hyaluronic acid?
Dogs, cats, and horses, especially older animals or animals with joint disease, dry skin, or eye disease (e.g., dry eye), may be treated with hyaluronic acid.
3. Do side effects of hyaluronic acid occur in dogs?
Side effects are rare but may involve mild gastrointestinal upset if given by mouth or mild irritation at sites of injection.
4. Can I give my pet human hyaluronic acid products?
No, pet foods may contain additives, preservatives, or flavorings that are poisonous to animals.
5. How is hyaluronic acid helpful for dogs?
It makes the joints lubricated, moisturizes the skin, accelerates wound healing, and supports ocular health by hydrating the tear film. Some studies suggest it may even suppress inflammation.
6. What is the appropriate dosage of hyaluronic acid for my dog?
Dosage varies by the weight of the dog and the type of product. Normal oral supplements are 5–20 mg every 10 lbs of body weight per day, but follow the instructions on the package or your veterinarian’s advice. For injections or eye drops, rigid dosing by a veterinarian is necessary.
Reference
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