Antibacterial Properties of Hyaluronic Acid

The antibacterial mechanism of hyaluronic acid is the result of both its physicochemical and biological properties. Unlike traditional antibiotics that directly kill bacteria, the unique molecular structure provides HA with a range of indirect yet essential antibacterial functions.

Fig 1. Structure and properties of hyaluronic acid and its application in antibacterial agents

• Anti-Adhesive Effect: This is the most direct and fundamental antibacterial mechanism. Hyaluronic acid molecules enable binding to a large amount of water, forming a highly hydrated, viscoelastic film on the skin or mucosal surface. This film effectively blocks pathogens from contacting epithelial cells, preventing initial bacterial colonization. Since bacterial biofilm formation begins with adhesion, HA stops infection at its source.
• Reduced Bacterial Tissue Permeability: Hyaluronic acid is a major component of the extracellular matrix. However, some pathogens, such as certain streptococci and staphylococci, secrete hyaluronidase, which breaks down HA in tissues. As a result, the extracellular matrix is ​​destroyed and infection is promoted. In response, exogenous HA supplementation can serve as a preventive measure. An excess of hyaluronic acid saturates the hyaluronidase produced by bacteria, preventing it from breaking down the extracellular matrix. This ultimately helps restrict bacterial penetration and spread.
• Immune Regulation and Synergy: High-molecular-weight HA has anti-inflammatory effects. It binds to CD44 receptors on immune cells, triggering cytoskeleton reorganization. This enhances the phagocytic ability of immune cells, helping to prevent excessive inflammation. On the other hand, low-molecular-weight HA acts as a signal released during inflammation, alerting the immune system to respond and clear pathogens.

Applications of Hyaluronic Acid in Antibacterial Formulations

While hyaluronic acid itself is not a potent bactericide, it serves as an excellent antibacterial enhancer and infection preventive agent.

1. Targeted Drug Delivery Systems

By virtue of HA’s specific binding ability to CD44 receptors, targeted drug delivery systems can be created for infection sites. Evidence shows that the combination of antibiotics like levofloxacin with HA maximizes drug concentration at the infection site significantly, promoting antibacterial activity and reducing systemic toxicity.

2. Smart Responsive Formulations

Based on the elevated hyaluronidase activity at infection sites due to bacteria, enzyme-sensitive drug delivery systems can be formulated. These formulations will remain stable in healthy tissue but will break down upon reaching infection sites due to bacterial hyaluronidase activity, delivering the drug specifically. This increases therapeutic response and reduces side effects.

3. Wound Dressings and Tissue Engineering

HA-based hydrogel dressings not only possess excellent water retention and gas permeability but also enable the sustained release of antibacterial medicines, creating a microenvironment for wound healing. New materials like silver nanoparticle-HA composite dressings have exhibited remarkable dual properties: antibacterial activity and promotion of tissue regeneration.

Reading more: Why Hyaluronic Acid is an Ideal Material for Wound Healing

4. Drug Delivery Carriers

Hyaluronic acid may improve the solubility and stability of many antibacterial drugs and improve their bioavailability by chemical modification or physical encapsulation. It acts as a carrier to reduce drug cytotoxicity and promote more effective therapy for intracellular infections.

Reference: Sodium Hyaluronate Coating for Drug Delivery

Challenges

Although HA shows great potential in antibacterial applications, several challenges remain:

• Endogenous hyaluronidase may prematurely break down exogenous HA.
• Different molecular weights of HA can lead to vastly different biological effects.
• The safety of large-scale clinical applications still requires further validation.

Future research should focus on:

• Developing novel hyaluronic acid derivatives resistant to enzymatic degradation.
• Optimizing the molecular weight distribution of HA-based formulations.
• Exploring synergistic effects between hyaluronic acid and other antibacterial agents.

As a natural biomaterial, HA’s unique antibacterial mechanisms offer broad application value. For more information on the properties and applications of hyaluronic acid, feel free to consult Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC). SCC offers various grades of safe, customizable sodium hyaluronate powder.

People Also Ask

Q: Is hyaluronic acid a disinfectant?

A: No, it’s not a disinfectant. It doesn’t directly kill germs but prevents infection by forming barriers and supporting the immune response.

Q: Does hyaluronic acid heal?

A: Yes, it heals wounds by suppressing inflammation, keeping the wound moist, and supporting tissue regeneration.

Q: Is hyaluronic acid safe? Can you put it on open wounds?

A: Yes, hyaluronic acid is safe and is used in wound care products to enhance faster wound healing and to create a moist environment.

Q: Is hyaluronic acid antibacterial?

A: Indirectly. It does not kill bacteria but inhibits bacterial adhesion and promotes natural defense mechanisms.

The post Is Hyaluronic Acid Antibacterial? Mechanisms and Applications appeared first on Stanford Chemicals.

Molecular Properties of Hyaluronic Acid

HA is a macromolecular polysaccharide. It is composed of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine repeating disaccharide units. Its molecular weight differs widely between a few thousand to a few million Daltons. This is the reason for its diverse functions.

Fig 1. Hyaluronic Acid Structure

In the periodontal environment, HA exhibits the following key properties:

• Excellent biocompatibility: It can be utilized safely in inflammatory tissue milieus.
• High viscoelasticity: It can be employed as a biological barrier and space-maintaining material.
• Hydrophilic and moisturizing: It keeps a wet state for wound healing.

Mechanism of Action of Hyaluronic Acid in Periodontal Treatment

The advantages of hyaluronic acid applied in periodontal therapy are predominantly because of its regenerative and anti-inflammatory properties. These properties are particularly helpful in patients with severe periodontal pathology. Inflammation is one of the principal reasons for the advancement of periodontal disease. Chronic inflammation continuously damages periodontal tissues. HA helps to reduce inflammatory responses and inhibit the destruction of periodontal tissues. At the same time, it may contribute to tissue repair, promote gingival healing, and facilitate periodontal regeneration.

Evidence-Based Basis for Clinical Application

As a biomaterial with certain antibacterial activity, hyaluronic acid exerts inhibitory activity against many periodontopathogens. Because of this, it is beneficial as an adjuvant therapy for gingivitis and periodontitis. Pirnazar et al.[1] demonstrated that 1300 kDa molecular weight hyaluronic acid in a concentration of 1 mg/ml significantly inhibits Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, Prevotella oralis, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Rodrigues et al.[2] also compared the antibacterial activity of an HA-containing mouthwash with chlorhexidine mouthwash. They observed that hyaluronic acid also suppresses Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Prevotella intermedia but not Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Fig 2. HA antibacterial effects

In addition to antibacterial action, hyaluronic acid also promotes healing of periodontal tissue through multiple mechanisms, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-edema, pro-angiogenic, and osteoinduction processes. It is noteworthy that its biological functions are closely related to molecular weight. High molecular weight HA can inhibit the release of inflammatory factors, suppress immune responses, and promote wound healing. On the other hand, low and medium-molecular-weight HA can cause the expression of inflammatory factors at certain times. It helps in balancing inflammation and healing.

In non-surgical therapy, topical application of hyaluronic acid can contribute to subgingival debridement. It significantly enhances probing depth, clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing. In surgical therapy, hyaluronic acid is applied as a regenerative adjunct. It enhances the repair of soft and hard tissues.

It is particularly noteworthy that hyaluronic acid has promising potential in correcting “black triangles” in the anterior region. A papilla deficiency of more than 2 mm can form a visual black triangle, which affects aesthetics. By giving intermittent, micro-volume injections (each <0.2 ml) 2–3 mm apical to the papilla tip, hyaluronic acid can restore the shape and vertical dimension of the gingival papilla. This effectively removes the black triangle and enhances smile aesthetics.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) on the Application of Hyaluronic Acid in Periodontal Disease Treatment

Q: What is hyaluronic acid (HA)?

A: Hyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan present everywhere in human tissues. It performs several biological functions such as moisturizing, repairing, and regulating inflammation.

Q: How does hyaluronic acid benefit the treatment of periodontal disease?

It assists in the healing of periodontal health by inhibiting periodontal pathogens, reducing inflammatory reactions, and promoting tissue regeneration and repair.

Q: Do hyaluronic acids of different molecular weights have different effects?

A: Yes. High molecular weight HA (>1000 kDa) is targeted against anti-inflammatory and barrier functions, and medium and low molecular weight HA can, in some circumstances, modulate inflammation and repair.

Q: Against which periodontal pathogens is hyaluronic acid effective?

A: Studies have demonstrated that it is capable of inhibiting bacteria such as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Prevotella intermedia, but is not very effective against Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Q: Can HA be used as a substitute for conventional periodontal therapies?

A: No. It is generally used as an adjunctive method, along with conventional treatments such as subgingival debridement and surgery for optimum effectiveness.

Q: How is hyaluronic acid applied in non-surgical treatment?

A: It is often given in gel form or by local injection into periodontal pockets to help decrease probing depth, bleeding, and promote attachment regeneration.

Q: Is it used for periodontal surgical treatment?

A: Yes. It is particularly useful in regenerative and mucogingival surgeries, augmenting the outcomes of soft and hard tissue repair.

Q: Can “black triangle” issues be treated with hyaluronic acid?

A: Yes. Through micro-injections in the gingival papilla, it can restore height and shape, and improve aesthetics in the anterior tooth area.

Q: Does the usage of hyaluronic acid have side effects or risks?

A: Due to its high biocompatibility, side effects are very rare. It may cause temporary local discomfort in a few patients, but it is generally safe.

Q: Are there hyaluronic acid products that patients can use?

A: Some HA-containing mouthwashes or gels are available for daily use by the patients, but for therapeutic purposes, they should be under dental supervision.

About The Hyaluronic Acid Powder Supplier: Stanford Chemical Company

Stanford Chemical Company (SCC) is a trusted supplier of sodium hyaluronate powder, offering a comprehensive range of high, medium, and low molecular weight pure hyaluronic acid powders. SCC’s HA products are safe and reliable, backed by the following certifications:

• ISO 9001 (Quality Management System)
• ISO 14001 (Environmental Management System)
• ISO 22000 (Food Safety Management System)

[1] Pirnazar P, Wolinsky L, Nachnani S, et al. Bacteriostatic effects of hyaluronic acid [J]. J Periodontol, 1999, 70 (4):370- 374

[2] Rodrigues S V, Acharya A B, Bhadbhade S, et al. Hyaluronan-containing mouthwash as an adjunctive plaque- control agent[J]. Oral Health Prev Dent, 2010, 8(4): 389- 394

The post The Role of Hyaluronic Acid in the Treatment of Periodontal Disease appeared first on Stanford Chemicals.

HA exists in various forms, including powder, liquid, and gel. Among, powder being the most stable and commonly used. If you’re considering to buy hyaluronic acid, you should understand its benefits, categories, and sources.

What Is Hyaluronic Acid?

This glycosaminoglycan acts as nature’s moisturizer. It is capable of holding up to 1,000 times its weight in water. Found abundantly in skin, joints, and eyes, it provides lubrication, hydration, and structural support. The natural hyaluronic acid in our bodies diminishes with age. It is why supplementation through skincare or oral products has become increasingly popular.

What Does Hyaluronic Acid Do?

1. Skin Hydration and Anti-Aging

Why is hyaluronic acid considered good for the skin? Because it enables hydration, holding 1000x its weight in water to plump fine lines and boost elasticity. It strengthens the skin barrier, soothes irritation, and works for all skin types without clogging pores. It’s the ability to retain moisture and support collagen.

2. Joint Lubrication

HA injections and oral supplements help lubricate joints, reducing pain and stiffness in osteoarthritis patients.

3. Wound Healing and Tissue Repair

Medical-grade HA accelerates tissue regeneration, making it useful in post-surgical recovery and chronic wound care.

4. Eye Health

Hyaluronic acid is a key ingredient in eye drops for dry eye syndrome, providing long-lasting lubrication.

Reading more: What is Sodium hyaluronate Powder? Benefits and Usage

Categories of Hyaluronic Acid by Application

Hyaluronic acid is segregated into different grades based on molecular weight and purity, each with a specific use.

1. Cosmetic-Grade Sodium hyaluronate

Used in skincare products like serums, creams, and masks, cosmetic-grade HA comes in various molecular weights:

• High Molecular Weight (HMW) HA: Forms a hydrating film on the skin’s surface, reducing trans-epidermal water loss.
• Low Molecular Weight (LMW) HA: Penetrates deeper into the skin for long-lasting hydration and collagen stimulation.

2. Medical-Grade Sodium hyaluronate

This grade is used in wound healing, eye drops (for dry eye treatment), and post-surgical recovery products. It has higher purity standards than cosmetic-grade HA.

Reference: Medical-Grade vs. Injectable-Grade Sodium Hyaluronate: Which Has Stricter Requirements

3. Injection-Grade Sodium hyaluronate

Injectable HA is highly purified and sterilized for use in:

• Dermal Fillers: To reduce wrinkles and add volume.
• Joint Injections: For osteoarthritis treatment (e.g., viscosupplementation).

This form requires stringent regulatory approval (e.g., FDA, CE) to ensure safety.

4. Food-Grade Sodium hyaluronate

In powder or capsule form, food-grade HA is applied to enhance joint well-being, skin moisturizing, and digestive health.

How is Hyaluronic Acid Produced?

Hyaluronic acid is naturally present in the human body, especially in the skin, joints and eyes, to lubricate and moisturize. Still, for commercial and industrial applications, have two main ways produced.

1. Animal Extraction

Previously, HA powder was obtained from animal tissue such as rooster combs and bovine vitreous humor. While it is functional, the method included a certain risk of allergic reaction and potential pollution. Furthermore, animal-derived HA is not vegan-compatible, leading to a shift towards microbial fermentation.

2. Bacterial Fermentation (Vegan Hyaluronic Acid)

Today, most commercial hyaluronic acid is produced by the streptococci or bacterial fermentation with other non-rational bacteria. This process causes high purity, reduces the incidence of animal-borne impurities, and is compliant with vegetarian and cruelty. Biofermented HA is now the product of choice for cosmetic, medical, and food-grade applications. Most good-quality HA sold today, including Stanford Chemicals Company, is produced by microbial fermentation.

Read more: How is Hyaluronic Acid Powder Made

Conclusion

Hyaluronic acid is a versatile compound ranging from skin care to medical treatment. Thanks to the progress of biofination, high-quality, vegetarian hyaluronic acid is now widely available. Whether you need sodium hyaluronate powder for supplements, injected for joint therapy, or cosmetic serum for glowing skin, understanding the different forms ensures the best option for your needs.

For premium-quality sodium hyaluronate powder tailored to various industries, please get in touch with Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC).

The post Comprehensive Guide to Hyaluronic Acid: Sources, Benefits, and Types appeared first on Stanford Chemicals.

Why is Sodium Hyaluronate Used in Drug Delivery

This is mainly attributed to its distinctive physicochemical and biological properties.

Sodium hyaluronate is a linear polysaccharide containing repeating disaccharide units, which contains lots of carboxyl groups (-COOH) and hydroxyl groups (-OH). Its structure renders it highly hydrophilic. It is water-soluble and can make very viscous solutions, which suits hydrophilic drug loading. Besides, its carboxyl groups and hydroxyl groups can be chemically modified to conjugate drug molecules or functional groups to construct intelligent delivery systems. The common modification methods involve esterification, amidation, and crosslinking.

Fig 1. The structures of sodium hyaluronate and its acetylated derivatives modified by esterification[1]

The structure of sodium hyaluronate provides the basis for drug delivery, while its biological properties are the key to the choice.

Hyaluronic acid is a natural ligand for CD44 receptor, which is highly expressed on most tumor cells, inflammatory tissues, and stem cells. HA-modified drug delivery systems are able to actively target these diseased tissues, enhancing local drug concentrations. CD44 is like a signal beacon, guiding HA to the locations of disease. Once the HA-coated drug reaches the target, it must be released in order to function. This is where the next key player enters: hyaluronidase. This enzyme degrades HA and, conveniently, is highly active in tumor or inflamed tissue. In the presence of hyaluronidase, the HA carrier degrades, releasing the therapeutic payload.

Hyaluronic Acid or Sodium Hyaluronate?

In the application of drug delivery systems, sodium hyaluronate is utilized instead of hyaluronic acid. Because the sodium salt form is more stable and more soluble in water at neutral or alkaline pH.

What Value Does Sodium Hyaluronate Coating Offer for Drug Delivery

1. Targeted Delivery

Shell drug carriers with HA enable selective binding to such receptors, enabling targeted delivery of the drugs to the disease cells or tissues. For example, HA-coated nanoparticles can deliver chemotherapy drugs specifically to tumor cells with less damage to healthy tissues and fewer side effects.

2. Enhanced Stability and Controlled Release

Sodium hyaluronate coatings protect encapsulated drugs from premature degradation and stabilize delivery systems. The viscoelastic formation of solutions by HA and the mucoadhesive properties enable sustained, controlled drug delivery with extended preservation of therapeutic levels at target sites. For instance, HA has been used to prepare sustained-release protein and peptide formulations, where traditional carriers like PLGA can cause inflammation and protein denaturation.

3. Versatility and Adaptability

Sodium hyaluronate coatings are biocompatible with multiple drug carriers, ranging from nanoparticles and liposomes to micelles. It is chemically tunable and may be conjugated with various therapeutic molecules such as small-molecule drugs, proteins, and nucleic acids. HA coatings may also be made responsive towards specific stimulants (e.g., pH or temperature stimuli), enabling controlled drug release at targeted locations.

4. Reduced Immunogenicity

As a naturally occurring substance in the human body, HA is biocompatible. It is less likely to trigger immune responses than synthetic materials. Sodium hyaluronate-coated nanoparticles are least familiar and recognized by the immune system, enhancing their shelf life and stability in the blood circulation for better target delivery.

Applications of Sodium Hyaluronate Coating in Drug Delivery

• Cancer treatment: Targeted drug delivery of chemotherapy drugs to cancer cells while minimizing systemic toxicity.
• Ocular drug delivery: Increasing the residence time and bioavailability of drugs in the eye for conditions such as glaucoma and dry eyes.
• Wound healing: Encouraging tissue repair and regeneration by delivering growth factors and other biomacromolecules to the injured area.
• Inflammatory arthritis treatment: Inflamed joint delivery of anti-inflammatory agents to alleviate inflammation and pain.
• Gene therapy: Enhancing the delivery efficiency and stability of gene vectors for targeted gene expression or silencing.
• Transdermal drug delivery: Enabling drug penetration through the skin for local and systemic delivery.

Conclusion

Sodium hyaluronate coatings are a powerful instrument in modern drug delivery that combines natural targeting functions with designed specificity. Employing HA’s inherent physicochemical properties and biological interactions, researchers can design systems to maximize therapeutic benefit while minimizing side effects. For more information, please check Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC).

[1] Chen, Fan & Guo, Xueping & Wu, Yue. (2023). Skin antiaging effects of a multiple mechanisms hyaluronan complex. Skin Research and Technology. 29. 10.1111/srt.13350.

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1. What Is Salicylic Acid?

Salicylic acid is a beta-hydroxy acid (BHA) derived from willow bark. It is oil-soluble, meaning it can penetrate deep into pores to dissolve excess sebum and dead skin cells.

Key Benefits of Salicylic Acid:

• Exfoliates the skin: Helps unclog pores and remove dead skin cells.
• Destroys acne: Deflates blackheads, whiteheads, and pimples by dissolving excess oil.
• Anti-inflammatory: Cools redness and inflammation of the acne.
• Enhances skin texture: Smooths out roughness and reduces the appearance of large pores.

Best For:

• Acne and oily skin
• Whiteheads and blackheads sufferers
• People with mild to moderate acne

Possible Side Effects:

• Can lead to dryness or irritation, particularly on sensitive skin
• Can make skin more sensitive to the sun, always use sunscreen.

The structure, origin, nature, and use of salicylic acid have been discussed in great detail in the preceding article, so we will not discuss them here. Interested readers can visit:

Salicin vs Salicylic Acid: Relationship, Difference & Uses

2. What Is Hyaluronic Acid?

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a humectant, a water-absorbing molecule. It occurs naturally in the skin and provides hydration by holding up to 1,000 times its weight in water.

Major Advantages of Hyaluronic Acid:

• Deep hydration: Moisturizes and fills the skin, leaving it less dry.
• Improves skin elasticity: Makes the skin look youthful and soft.
• Soothes irritation: Gently calms sensitive or dry skin.
• All skin types may use light hydration, even oily skin.

Best For:

• dry, dehydrated skin
• Aging skin (keeps the skin from forming fine lines and wrinkles)
• sensitive or inflamed skin
• All skin types, even oily, as it is non-comedogenic.

Possible Side Effects:

• Seldom irritates, one of the gentlest skincare ingredients.
• Will take moisture out of the skin in extremely dry conditions if not sealed with a moisturizer.

For details on the properties, applications, benefits, and characteristics of hyaluronic acid, please refer to these articles:

Top 10 Benefits of Hyaluronic Acid

What is Hyaluronic Acid Powder? Benefits and Usage

Why Is Hyaluronic Acid Important?

High VS. Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid

3. Salicylic Acid vs. Hyaluronic Acid

Key Differences

Can You Use Them Together

The answer is yes. These two ingredients actually work very well in combination. Salicylic acid helps clean out your pores and stops breakouts from forming. In the meantime, hyaluronic acid restores moisture that might be stripped away while exfoliating. This creates a well-rounded skincare routine that treats acne without dehydrating the skin.

Which One Should You Choose

The best ingredient for you will be based on your skin type and concerns. For oily, spot-prone skin or pores that easily clog, salicylic acid is best. For skin that’s likely to be dry or dehydrated, hyaluronic acid is better suited. For most people, they find they need both – salicylic acid for spots and hyaluronic acid for staving off dryness. The combination approach enables you to reap the benefits of acne treatment while still having healthy, hydrated skin.

Final Verdict

Salicylic acid and hyaluronic acid serve totally different purposes but can beautifully complement one another. Salicylic acid is your go-to for breakout clearing, and hyaluronic acid helps to keep your skin hydrated and plump.

If you’re dealing with acne, incorporate salicylic acid carefully, and always follow up with hyaluronic acid to prevent dryness. For those with dry or aging skin, hyaluronic acid alone can provide a major hydration boost.

About Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC)

Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC) supports businesses and research communities with such critical compounds as sodium hyaluronate, salicin, salicylic acid, dihydromyricetin, and chondroitin sulfate.

If you need quality substances, we’d be delighted to help. Feel free to contact us for more details.

The post Salicylic Acid vs. Hyaluronic Acid: How to Choose appeared first on Stanford Chemicals.

Medical-Grade vs. Injectable-Grade Sodium Hyaluronate: Different Applications

Hyaluronic acid is typically classified into four grades based on its usage: food-grade, cosmetic-grade, medical-grade, and injectable-grade. Some brands are lumping medical-grade and injectable-grade into a single category. SCC particularly classifies medical-grade HA for non-injectable medical applications, such as surgical anti-adhesives barrier, wound dressings, and ophthalmic solutions.

Medical-grade sodium hyaluronate is widely used in non-injectable medical fields:

• As a moisturizing agent in eye drops used in ophthalmic preparations to treat dry eye syndrome.
• As a wound-healing accelerator in topical creams and ointments, and also in ulcer and burn dressing applications.
• As a protective layer in medical-grade hyaluronic acid in nasal sprays to relieve dryness and inflammation.
• As a smart carrier for targeted and sustained drug release in drug delivery systems with hyaluronic acid of various molecular weights.

In addition, medicinal-grade HA is most commonly used in oral care products, gynecological products, and surgical anti-adhesion membranes.

Medical-grade sodium hyaluronate applications

Injectable-grade sodium hyaluronate, on the other hand, is specifically designed for direct injection into the human body:

• It is the main component of dermal fillers utilized in treatments like rhinoplasty, lip augmentation, and facial redefinition in medical aesthetics. Its rheological characteristics and stability in vivo are carefully controlled such that it is effective and degradable in a safe way.
• Injectable-grade hyaluronic acid is injected intra-articularly in orthopedics to treat osteoarthritis, providing joint lubrication, pain relief, and repair of cartilage.
• As an ophthalmic surgery viscoelastic device, injectable-grade hyaluronic acid of high purity maintains intraocular space and protects corneal endothelial cells in anterior chamber and vitreous surgery.
• It is used in anti-adhesive agents and promoters of wound healing that have to be in direct contact with sterile human tissue.

Injectable-grade sodium hyaluronate applications

Read more: 4 Grades of Hyaluronic Acid Raw Material Comparison

Injectable-Grade Sodium Hyaluronate Needs Stricter Requirements

Injectable-grade sodium hyaluronate is administered directly into the body and represents the highest level of quality control in the industry. These products must adhere to rigorous pharmacopoeial specifications, with each batch of production undergoing full physicochemical and biological testing.

• Molecular weight control: Injectable-grade sodium hyaluronate is typically restricted to a narrow range of 1,000–2,400 kDa to ensure consistent in vivo degradation rates and clinical performance.
• Endotoxin limits: Must be below 0.05 EU/mg—ten times more stringent than medical-grade standards (typically ≤0.5 EU/mg).
• Sterility assurance level (SAL): Requires 10^-6, i.e., not more than a single viable microorganism per million units, to provide absolute safety for direct human injection.

By comparison, medical-grade sodium hyaluronate follows relatively lenient pharmaceutical excipient standards:

• Adjustable molecular weight: Can be customized from low (50–100 kDa) to ultra-high (>2,500 kDa) based on application needs.
• Endotoxin level: Generally ≤0.5 EU/mg, which is sufficient for non-injectable use.
• Sterilization: Terminal sterilization is not a necessity; quality control places greater emphasis on chemical purity, protein residuals, and heavy metal content.

This differentiated standard makes medical-grade hyaluronic acid more cost-effective for large-scale pharmaceutical production.

Hyaluronic acid injection into the joint

Conclusion & Selection Guidelines

Medical-grade and injectable-grade sodium hyaluronate represent two fundamentally distinct product standards and application philosophies. For healthcare professionals and product developers, the appropriate selection should be based on the following key considerations:

1. The application method determines grade selection.

Any application requiring direct injection into the human body must use injectable-grade HA, including dermis, joint cavities, intraocular use, etc. For applications not involving direct contact with sterile tissues, medical-grade products may be considered.

2. Risk-benefit balance.

While injectable-grade sodium hyaluronate carries higher costs, it provides essential safety assurance for high-risk applications. Of course, medical-grade products can offer more cost-effective solutions in appropriate application scenarios.

3. Regulatory compliance.

Product registration categories and regional regulatory requirements directly influence HA grade selection. Target market regulations must be thoroughly understood in advance.

4. Product performance requirements.

HA with different molecular weights exhibits distinct rheological properties and bioactivity. The optimal product specifications should be selected based on intended functional requirements.

Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC) provides medical-grade and injectable-grade sodium hyaluronate products for comprehensive solutions tailored to diverse professional needs.

Please refer to the sodium hyaluronate product COA certificates from SCC:

• Injectable-grade sodium hyaluronate powder COA
• medical-grade sodium hyaluronate powder COA

Send us an inquiry now.

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What Sodium Hyaluronate Is

First, let’s find out what sodium hyaluronate is.

Sodium hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid (HA), a naturally occurring polysaccharide macromolecule found universally throughout our bodies, particularly in the skin, joints, and eyes. Focusing on the HA molecular structure, it resembles a long, knotted rope. The “knots” can relax in water to form a three-dimensional “molecular sponge network.” It’s this extremely unique structure that renders HA’s water-binding capacity simply phenomenal. Scientific research indicates that a mere 1 gram of hyaluronic acid can retain between 500 to 1000 grams of water! No surprise it’s at the top in the world of hydration!

Aside from skincare, this multi-purpose ingredient also plays a crucial part in medical aesthetics, nutraceuticals, and even luxury textiles. But today, let us talk about its top-billed job in skincare.

What Are the Benefits of Sodium Hyaluronate for the Skin

High-molecular-weight sodium hyaluronate forms a breathable film over the skin surface, holding moisture in without excluding external bacteria, dust, and UV light. On the other hand, low-molecular-weight sodium hyaluronate penetrates deeply into the dermal layer, promoting nutrient absorption, enhancing the elasticity of the skin, and reducing aging.

1. Hydration

Sodium hyaluronate is extremely hydrophilic and forms a water-retaining barrier on the skin that is extremely efficient in retaining water. Its action is also adjustable based on environmental conditions: it holds most water at low relative humidity (33%) and least at high humidity (75%). As a result of this property, it enables optimal performance under diverse climatic conditions.

2. Skin Repair

When skin is harmed by sunburn, UV damage, redness, darkening, or peeling, sodium hyaluronate is to the rescue with firm support. It promotes epidermal cell proliferation and differentiation, promotes cell regeneration, and scavenges free radicals. This accelerates the healing of injured tissues at a faster rate, promoting skin regeneration and wound healing.

3. Anti-Wrinkle

About 50% of the sodium hyaluronate in the body resides in the dermis. Mixed with collagen and elastin, it forms a powerful matrix that gives skin stability and elasticity. However, HA content lessens, collagen decreases, and the skin’s ability to retain moisture diminishes with age, leading to wrinkles.

Sodium hyaluronate solutions possess high viscoelasticity and lubricity, creating a hydrating, permeable film that keeps the skin hydrated and radiates. Penetration of low-molecular-weight HA into the dermis increases microcirculation and augments the uptake of nutrients, all of which work towards anti-aging and wrinkle reduction.

Reading more: Hyaluronic Acid and Collagen: The Perfect Combination for Healthy Skin

4. Nutrition

Sodium hyaluronate is a natural compound present in the skin. Externally applied, it restocks the body’s endogenous HA store. The lesser molecular weight of HA allows easy absorption in the blood and dermis, replenishing the level of hyaluronic acid, lowering dryness, and maintaining nutrient delivery and waste removal, hindering skin aging and promoting beauty effectively.

To understand the difference between endogenous HA and exogenous HA, please read this article: Does Hyaluronic Acid Cause Cancer

Long-term popularity of sodium hyaluronate is not hype but solid scientific efficacy.

Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC) is a professional hyaluronic acid supplier, providing high-quality products and services to global clients in pharmaceuticals, skincare, and food industries. SCC specializes in the development, production, and distribution of cosmetic-grade HA, food-grade HA, medical-grade HA, chondroitin sulfate, dihydromyricetin, and more.

The post Why Is Sodium Hyaluronate So Important in Skincare appeared first on Stanford Chemicals.

What Is Hyaluronic Acid

Hyaluronic acid is an essential substance between cells that occurs in high concentrations in the skin and joints. It has an amazing water-holding capacity—1 gram of hyaluronic acid contains approximately 1,000 times its own weight of water. Due to its typical molecular structure and physicochemical properties, it performs many vital physiological activities in the body. For example, hyaluronic acid used for cosmetic injection can be used for filling shallow depressions or defects on the face, which has a beautifying effect. This compound is also metabolized and absorbed by the body cells without depositing residual residues behind, which makes it highly demanded in the cosmetic industry.

Why Can Hyaluronic Acid be Used in Shampoo

To comprehend this question, let us first look at the structure of hair, as depicted in Figure 1. Human hair can be considered a slender biological fiber, with three principal layers from outside to inside. The first and outermost layer is the cuticle, which encloses and covers the fiber as tiles enclose a roof, protecting it against external damage. It determines the hair’s shine and texture. Healthily coated cuticles are piled neatly upon one another, actually locking in moisture and reflecting light. The mid-layer is the cortex, which accounts for 75%-90% of the weight of the hair. It consists of tightly packed keratin fibers and pigment granules, giving hair its elasticity, strength, and color. The inner layer is the medulla, made up of loose, open cells, more visible in thicker hair. Hair also contains minute traces of zinc and other metals, vitamins, and approximately 10% water.

Figure 1. The structure of hair

This unique hair structure provides an ideal environment for hyaluronic acid to work its magic. While the tile-like cuticle protects the hair shaft, the gaps in the cuticle allow small hyaluronic acid molecules into the cortex. On the other hand, larger molecules adhere to the surface of the cuticle, forming an open hydrating film.

How Does Hyaluronic Acid Improve Hair Health

Hyaluronic acid can form a thin film on the hair surface, providing moisturizing, lubricating, protective, and anti-static effects.

1. Deep hydration, reducing dryness and frizz

The main composition of hair is keratin, and it is sensitive to moisture. Dehydration causes hair to be dry and brittle due to raised cuticles. Hyaluronic acid absorbs moisture from the air and forms a moisturizing film on the hair surface that softens and shines hair.

2. Repairing damaged hair

Perming, heat styling, exposure to UV rays, and coloring can compromise the cuticle of the hair and cause hollowing of the strands. Small hyaluronic acid molecules penetrate deep into the hair shaft, filling in damaged areas and bolstering elasticity and resilience.

3. Reducing static and improving smoothness

In dry conditions, hair gets easily entangled under static due to friction, hence combing becomes difficult. The moisturizing effect of hyaluronic acid prevents static buildup, rendering hair smooth for detangling and minimizing damage caused by yanking.

Different molecular weights yield different effects.

High-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid is more viscous in texture, contains more cross-linking bonds, and provides filling and styling benefits. To hair, it protects the strands by forming a flexible, hydrating film that enhances moisture and shine.

Low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid is watery and distributable. It penetrates deep into the hair shaft, providing intense moisturizing and conditioning to dry and damaged hair.

High vs Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid for Hair:

Moreover, applying hyaluronic acid to the hair roots can promote thicker hair growth by supplying the scalp with essential nutrients and moisture.

Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC) supplies high, medium, and low molecular weight hyaluronic acid for use as shampoo ingredients. Samples and favorable pricing are available. For inquiries, please contact our specialists: Get A Quote.

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Why Use Hyaluronic Acid for Pets

Pets are like family, and their health is a top priority for us. Hyaluronic acid plays a role in pet health through various aspects, for example, skin, coat, eyes, and joint care. Therefore, it has become an extremely competitive product within the pet market.

–Benefits of Hyaluronic Acid for Pets

HA is known for its moisturizing, lubricating, and wound-healing properties—benefits that also apply to pets. So, how hyaluronic acid helps your dog stay healthy?

1. HA Relieves Dry Skin and Itching, Improving Coat Health

HA can hold 1,000 times its weight in water and form a hydrating film on the skin to prevent moisture loss. Skin and fur of animals are highly sensitive to environmental factors, i.e., dry weather in winter, pollen, and dust mites, that lead to itching. Hyaluronic acid not only moistures but also lowers inflammation and calming of the skin, easing redness and scratching from skin disease.

2. HA Lubricates Joints, Easing Degenerative Joint Issues

Worried your pet will be less active as he ages or as he gains weight? Hyaluronic acid can help. HA is one of the principal components of joint synovial fluid and is used medicinally in joint injections. The fluid lubricates joints, keeps cartilage healthy, and allows for smooth movement.

3. HA Accelerates Wound Healing in Pets

HA stimulates cell regeneration and decreases inflammation around wounds. In a feline skin wound study, those treated with HA gel healed 30% more rapidly than with standard treatments, with less scarring.

— Related Research

These findings have been backed by research.

In 2019, a police dog research institute conducted a study where dogs were fed a basic diet supplemented with hyaluronic acid twice daily. At 24 weeks, the results were that supplementing with 0.03% HA significantly reduced arthritis symptoms, and the 0.09% dose meant even more exaggerated improvements in hip arthritis. HA improved hydration of the skin and health of the skin, and it nourished hair follicles to create a smoother and brighter coat, stated the study.

Key Applications in the Pet Hyaluronic Acid Market

The HA market for pet animals is segmented geographically into eye health, skin health, and joint health. According to the International Veterinary Academy of Pain Management, over 35% of older dogs and 20% of adult cats have osteoarthritis. Given this, joint health holds the largest market share. At the same time, owing to its capacity to lubricate joint spaces and reduce inflammation, HA is extremely popular in this market.

Skin and coat health is another major application, with HA used in pet shampoos, conditioners, and skincare products to enhance hydration and elasticity. Eye health is also a growing segment, with sodium hyaluronate incorporated into eye drops and ointments to treat dry eye and other ocular conditions.

How Hyaluronic Acid Helps Your Dog Stay Healthy

1. Oral Supplements

Oral HA can be taken up into the skin of a dog, synovial fluid, cartilage, and bone, according to research. Most pet food and supplement products are already formulated with HA, often combined with glucosamine and chondroitin in joint support products. Supply forms include chewable tablets, powders, and liquids—chewables for well pets with no swallowing issue, and powders/liquids for tiny pets or pets with an eating problem. In Europe, HA is added as a standard ingredient to racehorse, working dog, and show dog supplements, directed at joint maintenance and coat well-being.

2. Topical Products

HA-containing gels, sprays, and creams may be applied to the skin in areas where the skin is dry or inflamed. HA eye drops are also marketed under professional veterinary supervision in dry or irritable eyes of animals.

3. HA Injections

For worse cases of arthritis in dogs, oral supplements may not be enough. For these patients, HA injections deliver large doses directly into the joints, providing immediate relief from pain and swelling.

Stanford Chemical Company (SCC) is at the forefront of HA powder development. We offer injectable grade, food grade, cosmetic grade and medical grade sodium hyaluronate powder. For more information about these HAs, please check out our homepage.

People Also Ask

1. Is hyaluronic acid safe for pets?

Yes, hyaluronic acid is used safely in pets provided it is administered appropriately. It’s a natural component within the body, utilized to keep joints lubricated and skin hydrated.

2. What animals are appropriate for hyaluronic acid?

Dogs, cats, and horses, especially older animals or animals with joint disease, dry skin, or eye disease (e.g., dry eye), may be treated with hyaluronic acid.

3. Do side effects of hyaluronic acid occur in dogs?

Side effects are rare but may involve mild gastrointestinal upset if given by mouth or mild irritation at sites of injection.

4. Can I give my pet human hyaluronic acid products?

No, pet foods may contain additives, preservatives, or flavorings that are poisonous to animals.

5. How is hyaluronic acid helpful for dogs?

It makes the joints lubricated, moisturizes the skin, accelerates wound healing, and supports ocular health by hydrating the tear film. Some studies suggest it may even suppress inflammation.

6. What is the appropriate dosage of hyaluronic acid for my dog?

Dosage varies by the weight of the dog and the type of product. Normal oral supplements are 5–20 mg every 10 lbs of body weight per day, but follow the instructions on the package or your veterinarian’s advice. For injections or eye drops, rigid dosing by a veterinarian is necessary.

Reference

1. What Are the Benefits of Hyaluronic Acid for Horse Health
2. Substances and Supplements for Joint Health
3. Hyaluronic Acid VS. Glucosamine VS. Chondroitin: Which Is Best for Joints?

The post Hyaluronic Acid for Dogs, the Emerging Market of HA appeared first on Stanford Chemicals.

I. Hyaluronic Acid for Eyes

1. What are the benefits of hyaluronic acid for the eyes?

Hyaluronic acid is a water-retaining and lubricating substance. It retains moisture in the eyes and lubricates ocular tissues. It also enhances and repairs corneal damage, which brings great relief to symptoms of dryness, irritation, and eye fatigue.

Clinical trials have shown that sodium hyaluronate eye drops (sodium salt of HA) significantly improve discomfort in dry eye patients and promote the healing process of micro damage on the corneal surface.

Reference: From Surgery to Daily Care: The Versatile Role of Sodium Hyaluronate in Eye Health

2. What are applications of hyaluronic acid in eye care?

In ophthalmology, HA is primarily used in two areas: daily eye care and ophthalmic surgical assistance. For daily care, it serves as a key ingredient in artificial tears. In eye surgeries, it acts as a viscoelastic agent to protect intraocular tissues. For specific case studies, please refer to our related articles.

References:

• Hyaluronic Acid: The Ultimate Moisturizer for Dry Eyes
• Sodium Hyaluronate Used in Anterior Segment Eye Surgery

3. Which is better for the eyes: hyaluronic acid or ectoine?

Both HA and ectoine are excellent eye care ingredients, but they work differently. Hyaluronic acid primarily functions through physical water retention, while ectoine is more effective in protecting cells from environmental stress. The choice depends on specific eye conditions. For a detailed comparison, please refer to our dedicated article.

Reference: Sodium Hyaluronate vs. Ectoine: Which Is Better for Skin and Eyes?

Product Recommendations

Stanford Chem Company (SCC) provides pure medical-grade HA powder specifically developed for ophthalmic applications.

II. Hyaluronic Acid for Skin

1. How strong is hyaluronic acid’s hydrating ability?

Hyaluronic acid is known as the “natural moisturizing factor” due to its exceptional water-binding capacity. Scientific data shows that 1 gram of HA can hold up to 1,000 times its weight in water, making it an essential hydrating ingredient in skincare.

2. What are the benefits of hyaluronic acid for skin?

Beyond its superior moisturizing effects, HA also promotes skin barrier repair and improves elasticity. Recent studies suggest it may delay skin aging by regulating specific signaling pathways, opening new possibilities for anti-aging product development.

Reference: What Does Sodium Hyaluronate Do for the Skin?

3. Is a lower molecular weight always better?

There is a common misconception that the lower the molecular weight, the better and that molecules over 500 Da are too large to penetrate the skin. However, different molecular weights offer different benefits, and larger molecules can still permeate through advanced formulation techniques. A 2024 study found that high-molecular-weight HA penetrates the skin effectively, providing anti-inflammatory, reparative, and antioxidant effects.[1]

Therefore, molecular weight selection should be informed by science. The ideal product should comprise a mixture of HA with various molecular weights.

4. Hyaluronic acid vs. collagen: Which one should you choose?

These two ingredients work differently—HA primarily hydrates, while collagen provides structural support. The best approach is to use them together for synergistic effects, as detailed in our research article.

Reference: Hyaluronic Acid and Collagen: The Perfect Combination for Healthy Skin

5. Hyaluronic acid, retinol, and vitamin C: Which is best for skincare?

Each of these active ingredients excels in different areas: HA for hydration, retinol for wrinkle reduction, and vitamin C for antioxidant protection. The choice depends on skin needs and tolerance, and sometimes combining them yields better results. Our comparative study provides detailed usage recommendations.

Reference: Hyaluronic Acid vs. Retinol vs. Vitamin C: Which Is Best for Skincare?

6. Can hyaluronic acid cause acne?

Pure HA itself does not cause acne, as it is non-comedogenic. However, some HA products may contain other additives that could trigger breakouts. Always check the full ingredient list, especially if you have oily or acne-prone skin.

Reference: Can Hyaluronic Acid Cause Acne?

Product Recommendations

Our cosmetic-grade sodium hyaluronate powder features high purity with minimal impurities. Compared to other market products, it contains higher glucuronic acid content and lower levels of protein, heavy metals, and nucleic acids.

III. Hyaluronic Acid for Joints

1. Why is hyaluronic acid able to relieve arthritis?

Hyaluronic acid is a major component of synovial fluid, producing lubrication and cushioning in joints. In patients with arthritis, the concentration and molecular weight of HA in joint fluid are reduced. Exogenous sodium hyaluronate supplementation can improve joint function and relieve pain symptoms.

2. Hyaluronic acid or chondroitin sulfate: Which is better for joints?

Both supporters ensure joint health but differently. HA primarily facilitates joint lubrication, while chondroitin sulfate is all about cartilage protection. They are usually prescribed clinically together for general joint support.

Reference: Hyaluronic Acid vs. Glucosamine vs. Chondroitin: Which Is Best for Joints?

3. Does oral hyaluronic acid alleviate joint pain?

The oral bioavailability of HA has been a subject of research emphasis. The clinical evidence available presently suggests that certain molecular-weight oral HA is incompletely absorbed but demonstrates improvement of joint symptoms, though its effects are typically more delayed compared to injections.

4. What are the side effects of hyaluronic acid joint injections?

Intra-articular HA injection is also safe. Injection-site pain or inflammation is a common mild reaction occasionally seen in a few patients. Severe side effects are exceedingly rare.

Product Recommendations

Our injection-grade HA is mainly used for intra-articular and intraocular injections. It also serves in orthopedic surgery, human/animal (e.g., horses, dogs) joint dysfunction treatment, post-surgical adhesion prevention, and drug delivery.

IV. Hyaluronic Acid for Scalp

1. Is hyaluronic acid good for hair?

Yes. HA preserves scalp moisture and enhances hair luster. It really makes a big difference for hydrating hair, particularly dry or damaged hair.

2. Can normal hyaluronic acid be applied to the scalp?

Skincare-grade HA can be applied to the scalp, but concentration and formulation are important. For best outcomes, use hair-care products formulated specifically considering scalp physiology.

3. Is hyaluronic acid in shampoos safe?

HA shampoos are safe. Keep in mind that other shampoo ingredients can have an impact on HA stability. Always test the whole formula for compatibility.

Conclusion

We hope this guide helps you understand and use hyaluronic acid products more effectively. For professional inquiries, please contact us: Get A Quote.

[1] Hui Xing, Xiangjun Pan, Yihan Hu, High molecular weight hyaluronic acid-liposome delivery system for efficient transdermal treatment of acute and chronic skin photodamage, Acta Biomaterialia, Volume 182, 2024, Pages 171-187, ISSN 1742-7061, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2024.05.026.

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