Medical-Grade vs. Injectable-Grade Sodium Hyaluronate: Different Applications

Hyaluronic acid is typically classified into four grades based on its usage: food-grade, cosmetic-grade, medical-grade, and injectable-grade. Some brands are lumping medical-grade and injectable-grade into a single category. SCC particularly classifies medical-grade HA for non-injectable medical applications, such as surgical anti-adhesives barrier, wound dressings, and ophthalmic solutions.

Medical-grade sodium hyaluronate is widely used in non-injectable medical fields:

• As a moisturizing agent in eye drops used in ophthalmic preparations to treat dry eye syndrome.
• As a wound-healing accelerator in topical creams and ointments, and also in ulcer and burn dressing applications.
• As a protective layer in medical-grade hyaluronic acid in nasal sprays to relieve dryness and inflammation.
• As a smart carrier for targeted and sustained drug release in drug delivery systems with hyaluronic acid of various molecular weights.

In addition, medicinal-grade HA is most commonly used in oral care products, gynecological products, and surgical anti-adhesion membranes.

Medical-grade sodium hyaluronate applications

Injectable-grade sodium hyaluronate, on the other hand, is specifically designed for direct injection into the human body:

• It is the main component of dermal fillers utilized in treatments like rhinoplasty, lip augmentation, and facial redefinition in medical aesthetics. Its rheological characteristics and stability in vivo are carefully controlled such that it is effective and degradable in a safe way.
• Injectable-grade hyaluronic acid is injected intra-articularly in orthopedics to treat osteoarthritis, providing joint lubrication, pain relief, and repair of cartilage.
• As an ophthalmic surgery viscoelastic device, injectable-grade hyaluronic acid of high purity maintains intraocular space and protects corneal endothelial cells in anterior chamber and vitreous surgery.
• It is used in anti-adhesive agents and promoters of wound healing that have to be in direct contact with sterile human tissue.

Injectable-grade sodium hyaluronate applications

Read more: 4 Grades of Hyaluronic Acid Raw Material Comparison

Injectable-Grade Sodium Hyaluronate Needs Stricter Requirements

Injectable-grade sodium hyaluronate is administered directly into the body and represents the highest level of quality control in the industry. These products must adhere to rigorous pharmacopoeial specifications, with each batch of production undergoing full physicochemical and biological testing.

• Molecular weight control: Injectable-grade sodium hyaluronate is typically restricted to a narrow range of 1,000–2,400 kDa to ensure consistent in vivo degradation rates and clinical performance.
• Endotoxin limits: Must be below 0.05 EU/mg—ten times more stringent than medical-grade standards (typically ≤0.5 EU/mg).
• Sterility assurance level (SAL): Requires 10^-6, i.e., not more than a single viable microorganism per million units, to provide absolute safety for direct human injection.

By comparison, medical-grade sodium hyaluronate follows relatively lenient pharmaceutical excipient standards:

• Adjustable molecular weight: Can be customized from low (50–100 kDa) to ultra-high (>2,500 kDa) based on application needs.
• Endotoxin level: Generally ≤0.5 EU/mg, which is sufficient for non-injectable use.
• Sterilization: Terminal sterilization is not a necessity; quality control places greater emphasis on chemical purity, protein residuals, and heavy metal content.

This differentiated standard makes medical-grade hyaluronic acid more cost-effective for large-scale pharmaceutical production.

Hyaluronic acid injection into the joint

Conclusion & Selection Guidelines

Medical-grade and injectable-grade sodium hyaluronate represent two fundamentally distinct product standards and application philosophies. For healthcare professionals and product developers, the appropriate selection should be based on the following key considerations:

1. The application method determines grade selection.

Any application requiring direct injection into the human body must use injectable-grade HA, including dermis, joint cavities, intraocular use, etc. For applications not involving direct contact with sterile tissues, medical-grade products may be considered.

2. Risk-benefit balance.

While injectable-grade sodium hyaluronate carries higher costs, it provides essential safety assurance for high-risk applications. Of course, medical-grade products can offer more cost-effective solutions in appropriate application scenarios.

3. Regulatory compliance.

Product registration categories and regional regulatory requirements directly influence HA grade selection. Target market regulations must be thoroughly understood in advance.

4. Product performance requirements.

HA with different molecular weights exhibits distinct rheological properties and bioactivity. The optimal product specifications should be selected based on intended functional requirements.

Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC) provides medical-grade and injectable-grade sodium hyaluronate products for comprehensive solutions tailored to diverse professional needs.

Please refer to the sodium hyaluronate product COA certificates from SCC:

• Injectable-grade sodium hyaluronate powder COA
• medical-grade sodium hyaluronate powder COA

Send us an inquiry now.

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What Sodium Hyaluronate Is

First, let’s find out what sodium hyaluronate is.

Sodium hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid (HA), a naturally occurring polysaccharide macromolecule found universally throughout our bodies, particularly in the skin, joints, and eyes. Focusing on the HA molecular structure, it resembles a long, knotted rope. The “knots” can relax in water to form a three-dimensional “molecular sponge network.” It’s this extremely unique structure that renders HA’s water-binding capacity simply phenomenal. Scientific research indicates that a mere 1 gram of hyaluronic acid can retain between 500 to 1000 grams of water! No surprise it’s at the top in the world of hydration!

Aside from skincare, this multi-purpose ingredient also plays a crucial part in medical aesthetics, nutraceuticals, and even luxury textiles. But today, let us talk about its top-billed job in skincare.

What Are the Benefits of Sodium Hyaluronate for the Skin

High-molecular-weight sodium hyaluronate forms a breathable film over the skin surface, holding moisture in without excluding external bacteria, dust, and UV light. On the other hand, low-molecular-weight sodium hyaluronate penetrates deeply into the dermal layer, promoting nutrient absorption, enhancing the elasticity of the skin, and reducing aging.

1. Hydration

Sodium hyaluronate is extremely hydrophilic and forms a water-retaining barrier on the skin that is extremely efficient in retaining water. Its action is also adjustable based on environmental conditions: it holds most water at low relative humidity (33%) and least at high humidity (75%). As a result of this property, it enables optimal performance under diverse climatic conditions.

2. Skin Repair

When skin is harmed by sunburn, UV damage, redness, darkening, or peeling, sodium hyaluronate is to the rescue with firm support. It promotes epidermal cell proliferation and differentiation, promotes cell regeneration, and scavenges free radicals. This accelerates the healing of injured tissues at a faster rate, promoting skin regeneration and wound healing.

3. Anti-Wrinkle

About 50% of the sodium hyaluronate in the body resides in the dermis. Mixed with collagen and elastin, it forms a powerful matrix that gives skin stability and elasticity. However, HA content lessens, collagen decreases, and the skin’s ability to retain moisture diminishes with age, leading to wrinkles.

Sodium hyaluronate solutions possess high viscoelasticity and lubricity, creating a hydrating, permeable film that keeps the skin hydrated and radiates. Penetration of low-molecular-weight HA into the dermis increases microcirculation and augments the uptake of nutrients, all of which work towards anti-aging and wrinkle reduction.

Reading more: Hyaluronic Acid and Collagen: The Perfect Combination for Healthy Skin

4. Nutrition

Sodium hyaluronate is a natural compound present in the skin. Externally applied, it restocks the body’s endogenous HA store. The lesser molecular weight of HA allows easy absorption in the blood and dermis, replenishing the level of hyaluronic acid, lowering dryness, and maintaining nutrient delivery and waste removal, hindering skin aging and promoting beauty effectively.

To understand the difference between endogenous HA and exogenous HA, please read this article: Does Hyaluronic Acid Cause Cancer

Long-term popularity of sodium hyaluronate is not hype but solid scientific efficacy.

Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC) is a professional hyaluronic acid supplier, providing high-quality products and services to global clients in pharmaceuticals, skincare, and food industries. SCC specializes in the development, production, and distribution of cosmetic-grade HA, food-grade HA, medical-grade HA, chondroitin sulfate, dihydromyricetin, and more.

The post Why Is Sodium Hyaluronate So Important in Skincare appeared first on Stanford Chemicals.

What Is Hyaluronic Acid

Hyaluronic acid is an essential substance between cells that occurs in high concentrations in the skin and joints. It has an amazing water-holding capacity—1 gram of hyaluronic acid contains approximately 1,000 times its own weight of water. Due to its typical molecular structure and physicochemical properties, it performs many vital physiological activities in the body. For example, hyaluronic acid used for cosmetic injection can be used for filling shallow depressions or defects on the face, which has a beautifying effect. This compound is also metabolized and absorbed by the body cells without depositing residual residues behind, which makes it highly demanded in the cosmetic industry.

Why Can Hyaluronic Acid be Used in Shampoo

To comprehend this question, let us first look at the structure of hair, as depicted in Figure 1. Human hair can be considered a slender biological fiber, with three principal layers from outside to inside. The first and outermost layer is the cuticle, which encloses and covers the fiber as tiles enclose a roof, protecting it against external damage. It determines the hair’s shine and texture. Healthily coated cuticles are piled neatly upon one another, actually locking in moisture and reflecting light. The mid-layer is the cortex, which accounts for 75%-90% of the weight of the hair. It consists of tightly packed keratin fibers and pigment granules, giving hair its elasticity, strength, and color. The inner layer is the medulla, made up of loose, open cells, more visible in thicker hair. Hair also contains minute traces of zinc and other metals, vitamins, and approximately 10% water.

Figure 1. The structure of hair

This unique hair structure provides an ideal environment for hyaluronic acid to work its magic. While the tile-like cuticle protects the hair shaft, the gaps in the cuticle allow small hyaluronic acid molecules into the cortex. On the other hand, larger molecules adhere to the surface of the cuticle, forming an open hydrating film.

How Does Hyaluronic Acid Improve Hair Health

Hyaluronic acid can form a thin film on the hair surface, providing moisturizing, lubricating, protective, and anti-static effects.

1. Deep hydration, reducing dryness and frizz

The main composition of hair is keratin, and it is sensitive to moisture. Dehydration causes hair to be dry and brittle due to raised cuticles. Hyaluronic acid absorbs moisture from the air and forms a moisturizing film on the hair surface that softens and shines hair.

2. Repairing damaged hair

Perming, heat styling, exposure to UV rays, and coloring can compromise the cuticle of the hair and cause hollowing of the strands. Small hyaluronic acid molecules penetrate deep into the hair shaft, filling in damaged areas and bolstering elasticity and resilience.

3. Reducing static and improving smoothness

In dry conditions, hair gets easily entangled under static due to friction, hence combing becomes difficult. The moisturizing effect of hyaluronic acid prevents static buildup, rendering hair smooth for detangling and minimizing damage caused by yanking.

Different molecular weights yield different effects.

High-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid is more viscous in texture, contains more cross-linking bonds, and provides filling and styling benefits. To hair, it protects the strands by forming a flexible, hydrating film that enhances moisture and shine.

Low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid is watery and distributable. It penetrates deep into the hair shaft, providing intense moisturizing and conditioning to dry and damaged hair.

High vs Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid for Hair:

Moreover, applying hyaluronic acid to the hair roots can promote thicker hair growth by supplying the scalp with essential nutrients and moisture.

Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC) supplies high, medium, and low molecular weight hyaluronic acid for use as shampoo ingredients. Samples and favorable pricing are available. For inquiries, please contact our specialists: Get A Quote.

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Why Use Hyaluronic Acid for Pets

Pets are like family, and their health is a top priority for us. Hyaluronic acid plays a role in pet health through various aspects, for example, skin, coat, eyes, and joint care. Therefore, it has become an extremely competitive product within the pet market.

–Benefits of Hyaluronic Acid for Pets

HA is known for its moisturizing, lubricating, and wound-healing properties—benefits that also apply to pets. So, how hyaluronic acid helps your dog stay healthy?

1. HA Relieves Dry Skin and Itching, Improving Coat Health

HA can hold 1,000 times its weight in water and form a hydrating film on the skin to prevent moisture loss. Skin and fur of animals are highly sensitive to environmental factors, i.e., dry weather in winter, pollen, and dust mites, that lead to itching. Hyaluronic acid not only moistures but also lowers inflammation and calming of the skin, easing redness and scratching from skin disease.

2. HA Lubricates Joints, Easing Degenerative Joint Issues

Worried your pet will be less active as he ages or as he gains weight? Hyaluronic acid can help. HA is one of the principal components of joint synovial fluid and is used medicinally in joint injections. The fluid lubricates joints, keeps cartilage healthy, and allows for smooth movement.

3. HA Accelerates Wound Healing in Pets

HA stimulates cell regeneration and decreases inflammation around wounds. In a feline skin wound study, those treated with HA gel healed 30% more rapidly than with standard treatments, with less scarring.

— Related Research

These findings have been backed by research.

In 2019, a police dog research institute conducted a study where dogs were fed a basic diet supplemented with hyaluronic acid twice daily. At 24 weeks, the results were that supplementing with 0.03% HA significantly reduced arthritis symptoms, and the 0.09% dose meant even more exaggerated improvements in hip arthritis. HA improved hydration of the skin and health of the skin, and it nourished hair follicles to create a smoother and brighter coat, stated the study.

Key Applications in the Pet Hyaluronic Acid Market

The HA market for pet animals is segmented geographically into eye health, skin health, and joint health. According to the International Veterinary Academy of Pain Management, over 35% of older dogs and 20% of adult cats have osteoarthritis. Given this, joint health holds the largest market share. At the same time, owing to its capacity to lubricate joint spaces and reduce inflammation, HA is extremely popular in this market.

Skin and coat health is another major application, with HA used in pet shampoos, conditioners, and skincare products to enhance hydration and elasticity. Eye health is also a growing segment, with sodium hyaluronate incorporated into eye drops and ointments to treat dry eye and other ocular conditions.

How Hyaluronic Acid Helps Your Dog Stay Healthy

1. Oral Supplements

Oral HA can be taken up into the skin of a dog, synovial fluid, cartilage, and bone, according to research. Most pet food and supplement products are already formulated with HA, often combined with glucosamine and chondroitin in joint support products. Supply forms include chewable tablets, powders, and liquids—chewables for well pets with no swallowing issue, and powders/liquids for tiny pets or pets with an eating problem. In Europe, HA is added as a standard ingredient to racehorse, working dog, and show dog supplements, directed at joint maintenance and coat well-being.

2. Topical Products

HA-containing gels, sprays, and creams may be applied to the skin in areas where the skin is dry or inflamed. HA eye drops are also marketed under professional veterinary supervision in dry or irritable eyes of animals.

3. HA Injections

For worse cases of arthritis in dogs, oral supplements may not be enough. For these patients, HA injections deliver large doses directly into the joints, providing immediate relief from pain and swelling.

Stanford Chemical Company (SCC) is at the forefront of HA powder development. We offer injectable grade, food grade, cosmetic grade and medical grade sodium hyaluronate powder. For more information about these HAs, please check out our homepage.

People Also Ask

1. Is hyaluronic acid safe for pets?

Yes, hyaluronic acid is used safely in pets provided it is administered appropriately. It’s a natural component within the body, utilized to keep joints lubricated and skin hydrated.

2. What animals are appropriate for hyaluronic acid?

Dogs, cats, and horses, especially older animals or animals with joint disease, dry skin, or eye disease (e.g., dry eye), may be treated with hyaluronic acid.

3. Do side effects of hyaluronic acid occur in dogs?

Side effects are rare but may involve mild gastrointestinal upset if given by mouth or mild irritation at sites of injection.

4. Can I give my pet human hyaluronic acid products?

No, pet foods may contain additives, preservatives, or flavorings that are poisonous to animals.

5. How is hyaluronic acid helpful for dogs?

It makes the joints lubricated, moisturizes the skin, accelerates wound healing, and supports ocular health by hydrating the tear film. Some studies suggest it may even suppress inflammation.

6. What is the appropriate dosage of hyaluronic acid for my dog?

Dosage varies by the weight of the dog and the type of product. Normal oral supplements are 5–20 mg every 10 lbs of body weight per day, but follow the instructions on the package or your veterinarian’s advice. For injections or eye drops, rigid dosing by a veterinarian is necessary.

Reference

1. What Are the Benefits of Hyaluronic Acid for Horse Health
2. Substances and Supplements for Joint Health
3. Hyaluronic Acid VS. Glucosamine VS. Chondroitin: Which Is Best for Joints?

The post Hyaluronic Acid for Dogs, the Emerging Market of HA appeared first on Stanford Chemicals.

I. Hyaluronic Acid for Eyes

1. What are the benefits of hyaluronic acid for the eyes?

Hyaluronic acid is a water-retaining and lubricating substance. It retains moisture in the eyes and lubricates ocular tissues. It also enhances and repairs corneal damage, which brings great relief to symptoms of dryness, irritation, and eye fatigue.

Clinical trials have shown that sodium hyaluronate eye drops (sodium salt of HA) significantly improve discomfort in dry eye patients and promote the healing process of micro damage on the corneal surface.

Reference: From Surgery to Daily Care: The Versatile Role of Sodium Hyaluronate in Eye Health

2. What are applications of hyaluronic acid in eye care?

In ophthalmology, HA is primarily used in two areas: daily eye care and ophthalmic surgical assistance. For daily care, it serves as a key ingredient in artificial tears. In eye surgeries, it acts as a viscoelastic agent to protect intraocular tissues. For specific case studies, please refer to our related articles.

References:

• Hyaluronic Acid: The Ultimate Moisturizer for Dry Eyes
• Sodium Hyaluronate Used in Anterior Segment Eye Surgery

3. Which is better for the eyes: hyaluronic acid or ectoine?

Both HA and ectoine are excellent eye care ingredients, but they work differently. Hyaluronic acid primarily functions through physical water retention, while ectoine is more effective in protecting cells from environmental stress. The choice depends on specific eye conditions. For a detailed comparison, please refer to our dedicated article.

Reference: Sodium Hyaluronate vs. Ectoine: Which Is Better for Skin and Eyes?

Product Recommendations

Stanford Chem Company (SCC) provides pure medical-grade HA powder specifically developed for ophthalmic applications.

II. Hyaluronic Acid for Skin

1. How strong is hyaluronic acid’s hydrating ability?

Hyaluronic acid is known as the “natural moisturizing factor” due to its exceptional water-binding capacity. Scientific data shows that 1 gram of HA can hold up to 1,000 times its weight in water, making it an essential hydrating ingredient in skincare.

2. What are the benefits of hyaluronic acid for skin?

Beyond its superior moisturizing effects, HA also promotes skin barrier repair and improves elasticity. Recent studies suggest it may delay skin aging by regulating specific signaling pathways, opening new possibilities for anti-aging product development.

Reference: What Does Sodium Hyaluronate Do for the Skin?

3. Is a lower molecular weight always better?

There is a common misconception that the lower the molecular weight, the better and that molecules over 500 Da are too large to penetrate the skin. However, different molecular weights offer different benefits, and larger molecules can still permeate through advanced formulation techniques. A 2024 study found that high-molecular-weight HA penetrates the skin effectively, providing anti-inflammatory, reparative, and antioxidant effects.[1]

Therefore, molecular weight selection should be informed by science. The ideal product should comprise a mixture of HA with various molecular weights.

4. Hyaluronic acid vs. collagen: Which one should you choose?

These two ingredients work differently—HA primarily hydrates, while collagen provides structural support. The best approach is to use them together for synergistic effects, as detailed in our research article.

Reference: Hyaluronic Acid and Collagen: The Perfect Combination for Healthy Skin

5. Hyaluronic acid, retinol, and vitamin C: Which is best for skincare?

Each of these active ingredients excels in different areas: HA for hydration, retinol for wrinkle reduction, and vitamin C for antioxidant protection. The choice depends on skin needs and tolerance, and sometimes combining them yields better results. Our comparative study provides detailed usage recommendations.

Reference: Hyaluronic Acid vs. Retinol vs. Vitamin C: Which Is Best for Skincare?

6. Can hyaluronic acid cause acne?

Pure HA itself does not cause acne, as it is non-comedogenic. However, some HA products may contain other additives that could trigger breakouts. Always check the full ingredient list, especially if you have oily or acne-prone skin.

Reference: Can Hyaluronic Acid Cause Acne?

Product Recommendations

Our cosmetic-grade sodium hyaluronate powder features high purity with minimal impurities. Compared to other market products, it contains higher glucuronic acid content and lower levels of protein, heavy metals, and nucleic acids.

III. Hyaluronic Acid for Joints

1. Why is hyaluronic acid able to relieve arthritis?

Hyaluronic acid is a major component of synovial fluid, producing lubrication and cushioning in joints. In patients with arthritis, the concentration and molecular weight of HA in joint fluid are reduced. Exogenous sodium hyaluronate supplementation can improve joint function and relieve pain symptoms.

2. Hyaluronic acid or chondroitin sulfate: Which is better for joints?

Both supporters ensure joint health but differently. HA primarily facilitates joint lubrication, while chondroitin sulfate is all about cartilage protection. They are usually prescribed clinically together for general joint support.

Reference: Hyaluronic Acid vs. Glucosamine vs. Chondroitin: Which Is Best for Joints?

3. Does oral hyaluronic acid alleviate joint pain?

The oral bioavailability of HA has been a subject of research emphasis. The clinical evidence available presently suggests that certain molecular-weight oral HA is incompletely absorbed but demonstrates improvement of joint symptoms, though its effects are typically more delayed compared to injections.

4. What are the side effects of hyaluronic acid joint injections?

Intra-articular HA injection is also safe. Injection-site pain or inflammation is a common mild reaction occasionally seen in a few patients. Severe side effects are exceedingly rare.

Product Recommendations

Our injection-grade HA is mainly used for intra-articular and intraocular injections. It also serves in orthopedic surgery, human/animal (e.g., horses, dogs) joint dysfunction treatment, post-surgical adhesion prevention, and drug delivery.

IV. Hyaluronic Acid for Scalp

1. Is hyaluronic acid good for hair?

Yes. HA preserves scalp moisture and enhances hair luster. It really makes a big difference for hydrating hair, particularly dry or damaged hair.

2. Can normal hyaluronic acid be applied to the scalp?

Skincare-grade HA can be applied to the scalp, but concentration and formulation are important. For best outcomes, use hair-care products formulated specifically considering scalp physiology.

3. Is hyaluronic acid in shampoos safe?

HA shampoos are safe. Keep in mind that other shampoo ingredients can have an impact on HA stability. Always test the whole formula for compatibility.

Conclusion

We hope this guide helps you understand and use hyaluronic acid products more effectively. For professional inquiries, please contact us: Get A Quote.

[1] Hui Xing, Xiangjun Pan, Yihan Hu, High molecular weight hyaluronic acid-liposome delivery system for efficient transdermal treatment of acute and chronic skin photodamage, Acta Biomaterialia, Volume 182, 2024, Pages 171-187, ISSN 1742-7061, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2024.05.026.

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1. Why Choose Hyaluronic Acid for Injections?

Hyaluronic acid is favored for injections because of its exceptional biocompatibility and lubricating properties. As a naturally occurring polysaccharide in the human body, HA is widely distributed in the skin, joints, and connective tissues, providing superior hydration and lubrication.

In cosmetics, HA is used to:

✓ Fill facial wrinkles

✓ Enhance facial volume

✓ Improve skin elasticity by replenishing moisture for a youthful, smooth appearance

In joint treatments, HA:

✓ Increases synovial fluid viscosity

✓ Improves joint lubrication and shock absorption

✓ Alleviates arthritis symptoms

Thanks to its high safety profile and low risk of immune reactions, HA is a top choice for injectable treatments.

2. Which Body Parts Can Receive Hyaluronic Acid Injections?

HA injections are versatile, targeting multiple areas with distinct purposes and effects.

The table below summarizes the main applications of sodium hyaluronate in different areas of the body:

3. What Is the Difference between Cosmetic Injections and Joint Injections?

Although both cosmetic injections and joint injections use hyaluronic acid as the primary material, there are significant differences in the types of hyaluronic acid used and injection techniques due to their different purposes and treatment goals.

Cosmetic injections are primarily aimed at improving appearance, such as reducing wrinkles, enhancing facial contours, and increasing lip volume. Common injection sites include the face, hands, lips, and neck – areas that require aesthetic enhancement. To achieve durable yet natural-looking results, cosmetic injections typically utilize high molecular weight (>1000kDa) cross-linked hyaluronic acid, which offers superior filling capacity and longer-lasting effects. However, the formulation must be carefully customized according to the treatment area (for example, lower cross-linking for lip injections) and individual tissue characteristics. Furthermore, cosmetic injections demand highly precise technique from practitioners to ensure natural-looking results while avoiding asymmetry or nodule formation.

In contrast, joint injections primarily focus on relieving pain and improving joint function by enhancing synovial fluid lubrication. The molecular weight selection depends on the arthritis stage. Low molecular weight HA provides rapid anti-inflammatory effects in early stages, while moderate-to-high molecular weight or cross-linked HA is preferred for advanced cases to optimize lubrication and shock absorption. Joint injections require even greater technical precision, as practitioners must accurately deliver HA into the joint space with exact depth and positioning to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes.

4. How Does the Purity of Hyaluronic Acid Affect Injection Results?

The purity of hyaluronic acid directly affects the safety and efficacy of the injection. High-purity hyaluronic acid contains fewer impurities and potential allergens, which not only reduces the risk of allergic reactions and adverse effects but also ensures its longevity and biocompatibility within the body.

5. How Does the Molecular Weight of Sodium Hyaluronate Affect Injection Results?

The molecular weight of sodium hyaluronate determines its physical properties and therapeutic effects within the body.

How to choose?

High molecular weight hyaluronic acid (when combined with cross-linking) is indeed more suitable for deep-layer filling, but its core advantage lies in mechanical support rather than mere water absorption capability. Low molecular weight HA excels in permeability and biological activity but requires attention to its potential inflammatory risks. Clinical selection should comprehensively consider molecular weight, degree of cross-linking, and injection depth, rather than relying on a single parameter.

6. How Does the Solubility of Hyaluronic Acid Affect Injection Results

Choosing the appropriate solubility of hyaluronic acid is crucial for achieving the desired injection outcomes. Highly soluble hyaluronic acid is more suitable for areas requiring fine, natural effects, while low solubility products should be used with caution, typically in conjunction with professional injection techniques to avoid adverse reactions. The injection effects of different solubility HA are as follows:

Highly Soluble Hyaluronic Acid:

• Uniform Distribution: Can spread more evenly in the injection area, reducing the risk of local lump formation.
• Natural Filling Effect: Ensures a smooth skin surface post-injection, making it difficult to detect granularity or irregular lumps.
• Balanced Absorption: Aids in the uniform absorption of hyaluronic acid within the body, prolonging maintenance time.

Low Solubility Hyaluronic Acid:

• Easily Forms Granules: May result in noticeable granules or nodules during the injection process, affecting aesthetics.
• Uneven Filling: Can cause localized bulges or depressions, impacting the overall effect.
• Increased Irritation: Local accumulation might trigger inflammation or discomfort.

7. What Are the Advantages of Cross-Linked HA Gels?

Cross-linked HA gel are the preferred material in cosmetic injections because they can provide patients with more lasting and natural aesthetic results. Cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels form a stable cross-linked structure between HA molecules through chemical or physical methods. This cross-linked structure enhances the mechanical strength and durability of the HA hydrogel, slowing its degradation rate within the body and extending the longevity of the injection effects. Moreover, cross-linked HA hydrogels can better maintain their shape after injection, reducing diffusion and migration. What’s more, the cross-linking process can further purify HA, removing impurities and lowering the risks of immune reactions and allergic responses.

8. How Long Do Hyaluronic Acid Injections Last for the Knee and Face?

The duration of HA injections depends on the treatment area and individual factors such as metabolism, activity level, and the specific HA product used. Generally, the duration is as follows:

9. What Are the Side Effects of Hyaluronic Acid Injections?

Due to the biocompatibility of hyaluronic acid (HA), injections of HA are generally considered safe. However, like any medical procedure, they may produce potential side effects. Common side effects include:

Local Reactions:

• Redness and Swelling: Temporary inflammation at the injection site.
• Pain and Tenderness: Mild discomfort during and after the injection.
• Bruising: Minor bruising may occur at the injection site.

Rare Side Effects:

• Allergic Reactions: Although rare, some individuals may experience allergic reactions, including itching, rash, or hives.
• Lumps and Bumps: Small lumps or nodules may form subcutaneously, which might require massaging and, in extremely rare cases, medical intervention.
• Infection: As with any injection, there is a slight risk of infection at the injection site.
• Vascular Occlusion: A very rare but severe complication where HA is inadvertently injected into a blood vessel, potentially causing tissue necrosis or vision problems if it occurs near the eyes.

Mitigation Measures:

• Experienced Practitioners: Ensure that injections are performed by qualified and experienced medical professionals to minimize risks.
• Proper Disinfection: Maintain a sterile environment to reduce the risk of infection.
• Patch Testing: Conduct skin tests on individuals known to be allergic to HA or related substances.

Stanford Chemicals Company (SCC) is a professional supplier of hyaluronic acid. SCC offers high-purity, high-quality, and safe sodium hyaluronate powder (including food-grade, cosmetic-grade, medical-grade, and injectable-grade). All of SCC’s hyaluronic acid products are made using the bacterial fermentation method, ensuring safety and reliability.

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Solubility of Sodium Hyaluronate

The solubility of sodium hyaluronate is the foundation of its application. Solubility not only affects its dispersibility in different solutions but also directly influences its bioavailability and efficacy. The solubility is influenced by various factors, including solvent type, temperature, pH, and the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid.

–How Long Does It Take for Sodium Hyaluronate to Dissolve

The solubility of sodium hyaluronate varies in different solvents. In water, it can dissolve quickly, forming a transparent and viscous solution. In glycerol, its solubility is moderate, though not as high as in water. This is why glycerol and hyaluronic acid are often found together in cosmetics. In ethanol, the solubility of hyaluronic acid is low, and it usually requires mixing with other solvents. In acetone, sodium hyaluronate is almost insoluble and is generally not used in such solvents.

Table 1. A comparison of the solubility of sodium hyaluronate in different solvents:

Stanford Chemical Company (SCC) is a trusted supplier of sodium hyaluronate powder. We provide customers with high-purity, non-animal-derived, non-GMO hyaluronic acid powder (including food grade, cosmetic grade, injection grade, medical grade, eye drop grade, cross-linked gel). Enjoy bulk purchase discounts and contract pricing.

• SDS of Sodium Hyaluronate
• Sodium Hyaluronate production flow chart

–How to Dissolve Sodium Hyaluronate Quickly

In addition to solvent type, several factors influence the solubility of sodium hyaluronate. A previous article discussed this topic in detail. If interested, you can click to read: Solubility of Hyaluronic Acid in Different Solvents and Its Influencing Factors

To accelerate dissolution, the following methods are commonly used:

• Stirring: Mechanical stirring can speed up the dispersion and dissolution of HA in water. The stirring speed and duration significantly affect the dissolution efficiency.
• Heating: Moderate heating (usually not exceeding 60°C) can increase the dissolution rate, but care must be taken to avoid degradation caused by high temperatures. Temperature should be controlled, and prolonged high-temperature treatment should be avoided.
• Premixing: Premixing sodium hyaluronate with a small amount of glycerol or ethanol before diluting with water can improve dissolution efficiency. This method is particularly suitable for preparing high-concentration sodium hyaluronate solutions.

Viscosity of Sodium Hyaluronate

Viscosity is one of the important physical properties of sodium hyaluronate, directly affecting its application in cosmetics and medicine.

–How Viscosity Affects the Efficacy of Sodium Hyaluronate

The viscosity of hyaluronic acid is closely related to its molecular weight. High-viscosity hyaluronic acid forms a protective film on the skin surface, effectively locking in moisture, while low-viscosity sodium hyaluronate penetrates deeper into the skin, providing deep hydration. Viscosity also affects the flowability and distribution uniformity of sodium hyaluronate during injection or application.

–What Factors Affect the Viscosity of HA

Molecular weight, concentration, temperature, pH value.

Higher molecular weight results in higher viscosity. High molecular weight hyaluronic acid has longer molecular chains and stronger intermolecular interactions, leading to higher viscosity.

Higher concentration leads to higher viscosity. In high-concentration sodium hyaluronate solutions, molecules are closer together, resulting in stronger interactions and increased viscosity.

Higher temperatures reduce viscosity. Increased molecular motion at high temperatures weakens intermolecular interactions, causing a decrease in viscosity.

Hyaluronic acid exhibits the most stable viscosity within a pH range of 6-8. Under acidic or alkaline conditions, sodium hyaluronate molecules may undergo hydrolysis or cross-linking, leading to changes in viscosity.

Fig 2. Relationship between the relative viscosity of LMW-HA/HMW-HA aqueous solutions and the HMW-HA content.[1]

Stability of Sodium Hyaluronate

The stability of sodium hyaluronate is another critical factor in its application. Stability not only affects its storage and shelf life but also influences the durability of its efficacy.

The Impact of Temperature on Stability

Hyaluronic acid is prone to degradation at high temperatures, so high-temperature environments should be avoided during storage and use. Typically, sodium hyaluronate is most stable within a temperature range of 4°C to 25°C.

The Impact of pH on Stability

Hyaluronic acid is susceptible to hydrolysis in acidic or alkaline environments, leading to molecular chain breakage. Therefore, maintaining the pH of sodium hyaluronate solutions within the range of 6-8 is crucial for ensuring stability.

The Impact of Light and Oxidation on Stability

Hyaluronic acid is prone to degradation under light and oxidative conditions. Therefore, it should be stored away from light, and antioxidants should be added to extend its stability.

Read more: How to Maintain the Stability of Hyaluronic Acid Products

Table 2 below is a comparison of the stability of HA under different conditions:

[1] Saitarly, Svetlana & Pushkarev, Yuriy & Nesterkina, Mariia & Ozturk, Serhat & Salih, Bekir & Kravchenko, Iryna. (2021). Rheological Properties of Hyaluronic Acid Diluted Solutions as Components of Cosmetics. Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry. 12. 1907-1915. 10.33263/BRIAC122.19071915.

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Hyaluronic Acid vs. Collagen: Performing Different Roles

Hyaluronic acid, also known as hyaluronan, is widely distributed in joint fluid, skin, and eyes. It is a high-level polysaccharide composed of repeating units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine, and it is an important component of the extracellular matrix.

Collagen is a biological macromolecule primarily used to fill fine wrinkles and minor soft tissue defects. It is mainly distributed in bones, eyes, teeth, tendons, internal organs, and other areas. In the skin, it accounts for 70% of its composition, making it the most abundant protein in the human body.

Fig 1. Human skin structure

In the structure of skin tissues, hyaluronic acid acts as a moisture reservoir and locks in moisture, while collagen affects the skin’s fullness.

–Hyaluronic Acid: The Skin’s “Natural Reservoir”

Hyaluronic acid acts like a “sponge” in the skin, quickly replenishing moisture.

Fig 2. HA’s powerful moisturizing effect

1. Core Function: Strong Hydration

Hyaluronic acid has an extremely high water-absorbing capacity, capable of absorbing 1,000 times its own weight in water, thereby improving dryness. A 2% pure hyaluronic acid aqueous solution can firmly retain 98% of moisture, making it the best natural moisturizer discovered, known as the Natural Moisturizing Factor (NMF).

2. Anti-Aging Function: Filling Fine Lines

Hyaluronic acid can fill the fine lines on the skin’s surface, making the skin appear plumper and smoother. However, it does not directly enhance skin elasticity; it primarily keeps the skin youthful through hydration.

3. Repair Function: Gentle Repair

Hyaluronic acid possesses gentle repair capabilities, promoting wound healing and making it suitable for sensitive or barrier-damaged skin. It also helps repair the skin’s natural barrier, enhancing its moisture-locking ability.

–Collagen: The Skin’s “Support Framework”

Collagen forms a network structure, an “elastic net” that supports the skin.

Fig 3. The supporting effect of the triple helix structure

1. Core Function: Enhancing Elasticity

Collagen is the main component of the dermis, responsible for maintaining skin elasticity and firmness. As age increases and this protein is lost, the skin gradually becomes loose and develops wrinkles. Supplementing collagen can help restore the skin’s support structure and enhance elasticity.

2. Anti-Aging Function: Deep Anti-Aging

Collagen can improve the skin’s elastic fiber network from the deep layers, reducing wrinkles and sagging. Compared to hyaluronic acid, its anti-aging effects are more lasting but require long-term use to see significant improvements.

3. Repair Function: Promoting Tissue Regeneration

Collagen can accelerate the repair of skin tissues, reduce scar formation, and is suitable for repairing deep injuries or post-surgical care.

–Summary

From a hydration perspective, hyaluronic acid is superior; from an anti-aging perspective, collagen can directly and quickly help restore skin elasticity. Both possess skin repair functions.

Hyaluronic Acid and Collagen: Complementing Each Other

In skin tissue, collagen affects skin elasticity, while hyaluronic acid acts as a moisture reservoir. Although there are differences between the two, they complement each other.

Both are indispensable in human skin.

• Lack of Hyaluronic Acid — Dryness, roughness, flakiness
• Lack of Collagen — Sagging, drooping, aging

As age increases, the body’s collagen content gradually decreases, weakening the skin’s support function. At this point, hyaluronic acid plays an important role. It can promote the synthesis and maintenance of collagen, thereby slowing the skin aging process.

Hyaluronic acid’s strong moisturizing ability can adsorb and lock a large amount of moisture inside the skin. This moisturizing effect not only keeps the skin hydrated but also reduces moisture loss, making the skin elastic. Hyaluronic acid can also form a protective film to prevent environmental stimuli and damage to the skin, while helping other active ingredients penetrate deeper into the skin.

The coordinated relationship between collagen and hyaluronic acid is very important in skin care. When collagen levels decline, the role of hyaluronic acid becomes particularly significant. It can improve skin elasticity and firmness by increasing collagen synthesis. At the same time, hyaluronic acid’s moisturizing function helps maintain the skin’s moisture balance, preventing dryness and moisture loss. Additionally, hyaluronic acid can promote the metabolism of skin cells, accelerating the process of skin repair and regeneration.

Where to Buy

Stanford Chemical Company (SCC) is a trusted supplier of sodium hyaluronate and collagen peptides.

We offer:

• Sodium hyaluronate Powder: High purity, non-animal, non-GMO, cosmetic grade, medical grade, food grade, injectable grade.
• Collagen Peptides: Extracted using targeted enzymatic digestion technology and advanced membrane separation technology from animal tissues (fish scales, cow bones, chicken breast cartilage).

Enjoy bulk purchase discounts and contract pricing.

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They all have moisturizing effects: one is an acid, one is a salt, and one is a hydrolyzed product.

Hyaluronic Acid (HA) is certainly familiar to everyone. Essentially, it is a high molecular weight acidic glycosaminoglycan. In the structure of Hyaluronic Acid, there are numerous hydrogen bonds, which can easily combine with water molecules and absorb up to 1000 times its own weight in water, thus possessing superior water retention properties. HA can increase the skin’s ability to retain water, enhance skin elasticity, plump and fill in fine lines and wrinkles, delaying aging.

Fig 1. The benefits of Hyaluronic Acid

Additionally, Hyaluronic Acid is an important component of human joint lubricant and the vitreous humor in the eyes, playing roles in regulation, permeability, and lubrication. Besides its current use in plastic surgery treatments, it is also widely used clinically in procedures such as intraocular lens implantation, ophthalmic surgeries, and arthritis treatments.

Summary:

• Chemical Structure: HA is a high molecular weight acidic glycosaminoglycan, a type of glycosaminoglycan. Its structure consists of repeating disaccharide units (D-glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine) linked by β-1,4 and β-1,3 glycosidic bonds.
• Molecular Weight: The molecular weight of Hyaluronic Acid ranges widely, from several million Daltons (high molecular weight) to several thousand Daltons (low molecular weight).
• Solubility: It has excellent moisturizing properties in water, but high molecular weight Hyaluronic Acid may form highly viscous solutions during dissolution, making it difficult to disperse evenly.

Sodium Hyaluronate: The Stable Derivative of Hyaluronic Acid with Wide Applications

Like Hyaluronic Acid, Sodium Hyaluronate (SH, Sodium HA) is a component of human skin, present in connective tissues and the dermis. In skincare products, Sodium Hyaluronate is a common form of commercial Hyaluronic Acid, and HA is generally referred to as Sodium HA, serving moisturizing and hydrating functions.

Similar to Hyaluronic Acid, Sodium Hyaluronate can keep the skin soft, smooth, and delicate, and is widely used in the high-end cosmetics industry as well as in the treatment of ocular syndromes.

At the same time, medical Sodium HA has good biocompatibility with the skin, capable of deeply repairing the skin base, hydrating and brightening, fading spots, and reducing acne scars. SH with a purity of 95% is active and plays roles in wound healing and antiviral activity. Therefore, in wound care, it is used to promote the proliferation and differentiation of epidermal cells, accelerate cell regeneration, and promote the healing of damaged areas.

When added to cosmetics, it can provide a barrier protective film for the skin, keeping it smooth, hydrated, delicate, and elastic. It can also be used as a food additive, widely added to dairy products, beverages, alcoholic drinks, and chocolates, but daily intake should not be excessive; the daily intake should be below 200 milligrams.

Summary:

• Chemical Structure: Sodium Hyaluronate is the sodium salt form of HA, formed by neutralizing the carboxyl groups in HA.
• Molecular Weight: Similar to original Hyaluronic Acid, adjustable according to needs.
• Solubility: Solubility and stability are usually better than non-salted Hyaluronic Acid. Its sodium salt form presents lower viscosity upon dissolution in water, making it easier to apply to various products.

Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate: Advanced Derivative Enhancing Permeability and Bioavailability

Hyaluronic Acid can be broadly divided into high molecular, medium molecular, low molecular, and ultra-low molecular weights, with differences in skin feel, viscosity, and efficacy. Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate is a form of extremely low molecular weight Hyaluronic Acid, also known as Oligomeric Hyaluronic Acid. Its molecular weight is generally less than 10 KDa, for example, HA-Oligo.

Typically, high molecular Hyaluronic Acid is broken down by enzymes to obtain Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate with slightly lower molecular weight to improve permeability. Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate can penetrate through pores and intercellular spaces into the deeper layers of the skin, reaching the dermis to play a foundational repair effect.

Summary:

• Chemical Structure: Hydrolyzed SH is a low molecular weight form obtained by chemically or enzymatically hydrolyzing Sodium Hyaluronate. During hydrolysis, the long chains of Sodium Hyaluronate are cut into shorter polysaccharide or oligosaccharide chains.
• Molecular Weight: Typically less than 10 KDa.
• Solubility: Due to the lower molecular weight, Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate has higher solubility and lower viscosity in water.

The table 1 below summarizes the differences among Hyaluronic Acid, Sodium Hyaluronate, and Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate from four dimensions: chemical structure, molecular weight, solubility, and applications.

Table 1. Hyaluronic Acid vs. Sodium Hyaluronate vs. Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate

Stanford Chemical Company (SCC) is a trusted supplier of Sodium Hyaluronate Powder. We provide customers with high-purity, non-animal, non-GMO Hyaluronic Acid powder, Sodium HA Powder, and HA-Oligo. Enjoy bulk purchase discounts and contract pricing.

• SDS of Sodium Hyaluronate
• Sodium Hyaluronate production flow chart

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As a key moisturizing ingredient, sodium hyaluronate is widely recognized. Let’s begin with a brief introduction.

Sodium hyaluronate (the sodium salt form of hyaluronic acid) is a polysaccharide naturally present in human tissues. It is a transparent, viscous substance with excellent moisturizing, lubricating, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is a common ingredient in skincare products and an effective component in eye drops for relieving dry eyes.

So, what is ectoine?

Ectoine is an amino acid derivative found in “Halophile” that thrives in extreme environments. In 1985, German scientist Professor Galinski discovered ectoine in the saline lakes of the Egyptian desert.

It regulates cell osmotic pressure, acting as a natural “protective shield” that enables halophilic bacteria to survive in extreme conditions like high temperatures, high salinity, and intense UV radiation. Biotech companies identified its potential and began producing ectoine (C₆H₁₀N₂O₂) through fermentation. Today, ectoine is used in biomedicine (eye drops, nasal sprays, oral sprays) and skincare products.

Fig 1. Desert salt lake with no grass growing

Sodium Hyaluronate vs Ectoine: Which is Better for Skin

Sodium hyaluronate has been used in skincare products since the 1980s. The exceptional moisturizing ability has made it a star ingredient in the skincare industry. Ectoine, widely adopted by skincare brands since 2019, has gained recognition for its outstanding moisturizing and repair effects, leading to rapid growth in its applications.

Let’s compare the effects of the two

1. Moisturizing

Both ingredients provide moisturizing benefits, but their mechanisms and results differ.

Sodium hyaluronate molecules can absorb hundreds to thousands of times their weight in water. It draws moisture from the environment and locks it in, keeping the skin hydrated. It also forms a breathable hydrating film on the skin’s surface, reducing water evaporation and preventing dryness. What’s more, low-molecular-weight HA can penetrate the dermis, offering deep hydration.

Fig 2. HA for skin

Ectoine’s moisturizing function differs, focusing more on protection and regulation. It binds with water molecules to form a stable hydration shell around cells, creating a protective shield. This shield effectively prevents water loss from skin cells and maintains water balance inside and outside the cells. Additionally, by stabilizing cell membranes and protein structures, ectoine enhances cellular resistance to external stressors like dryness, UV rays, and high temperatures, reducing water loss risks.

Fig 3. The moisturizing principle of Ecdoin

Conclusion: Ectoine’s moisturizing ability leans toward “protective hydration,” without directly absorbing water like sodium hyaluronate. For those focused on hydration, sodium hyaluronate offers more immediate results.

2. Skin Repair:

Sodium hyaluronate is popular in skincare for its skin repair properties. It stabilizes and attracts growth factors (EGF), accelerating cell proliferation, tissue regeneration, and wound healing. It also has anti-inflammatory and soothing effects, reducing damage caused by inflammation.

Ectoine’s repair function is more prominent, especially for sensitive and inflamed skin. When exposed to environmental stressors like high temperatures, UV radiation, hypoxia, heavy metal toxicity, or viral infections, ectoine triggers emergency protective and regenerative responses, helping cells maintain normal physiological activity. Merck data shows that 1.0% Ecdoin can induce a faster stress response, prevent cell damage, and increase the speed of self-healing by 2-3 times.

Conclusion: For skin sensitivity, barrier damage, acne-related breakouts, or sunburn-induced redness, products with ectoine can quickly provide repair and soothing effects.

Key Characteristics Comparison:

Sodium Hyaluronate vs Ectoine: Which is Better for Eyes

Sodium hyaluronate and ectoine are both vital ingredients in eye drops, but their benefits differ in focus.

Sodium hyaluronate is more suitable for individuals with dry eye syndrome, contact lens wearers, or those needing immediate hydration. Its properties allow it to absorb water and form a hydrating film on the eye surface, relieving dryness. Moreover, its natural presence in human tissues ensures high safety with minimal irritation.

Ectoine, on the other hand, is ideal for individuals with eye inflammation, sensitivity, or exposure to harsh environments. By forming a “hydration shell,” ectoine enhances the stability of ocular cells, protecting them from external irritants. It also stabilizes the lipid layer of the tear film, preventing excessive evaporation.

–Synergistic Effects of Sodium Hyaluronate and Ectoine

Studies show that combining ectoine with sodium hyaluronate delivers enhanced synergy in relieving dry eyes. This combination significantly improves water-binding ability, effectively hydrates the eyes, stabilizes the tear film, and reduces tear evaporation. Additionally, it forms a durable hydrating film on the eye surface, firmly adhering to the cornea and ocular surface to provide robust protection against external irritants. Furthermore, this combination is highly effective in alleviating irritation caused by environmental dryness, inflammation symptoms, and itching or burning sensations during allergic reactions.

Stanford Chemical Company (SCC) is an excellent supplier of sodium hyaluronate powder and ectoine powder. In addition, we also provide chondroitin sulfate for cataract surgery eye drops and joints. For more information on these materials, please check out our home page.

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