Moisturizing
Replenish and seal in moisture, combating dryness and flakiness.
Key ingredients like hyaluronic acid act as humectants to draw water into the skin, while emollients like squalane and occlusives like ceramides smooth the surface and lock hydration within, ensuring a plump, comfortable complexion.
Brightening
Work to fade dark spots, post-acne marks, and overall dullness for a more even, radiant tone.
They often contain actives such as vitamin C, niacinamide, and alpha arbutin, which inhibit melanin production and accelerate skin cell renewal to reveal a clearer, more luminous layer underneath.
Anti-Aging
Anti-aging formulations target wrinkles, loss of firmness, and textural changes.
They rely on powerhouse ingredients like retinol to boost collagen, peptides to support skin structure, and antioxidants like vitamin E to defend against environmental damage, helping skin appear smoother, tighter, and more youthful over time.
Barrier Repair
Calms redness, irritation, and conditions like rosacea or sensitivity.
Ingredients such as centella asiatica, licorice root extract, and madecassoside work by reducing the skin's inflammatory response, strengthening its defenses, and providing immediate relief to reactive or compromised skin barriers.
Key categories include moisturizers (e.g., hyaluronic acid, glycerin), antioxidants (e.g., vitamin C, E), exfoliants (e.g., AHAs, BHAs), soothing agents (e.g., centella asiatica, panthenol), and barrier-supporting ingredients (e.g., ceramides, niacinamide).
Oily or acne-prone skin may benefit from ingredients like salicylic acid and niacinamide;
Dry skin often responds well to ceramides and squalane;
Sensitive skin is typically suited to soothing ingredients like oat extract and madecassoside.
Not necessarily. Both natural and synthetic ingredients can be safe and effective. What matters most is scientific evidence, formulation stability, ingredient purity, and suitability for individual skin needs.